74份番茄种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotypic Traits of 74 Tomato Germplasm Resources

为加快番茄品种攻关,通过构建番茄种质资源库,加强种质资源的广泛收集、鉴定、评价,结合优良基因和有效基因,对下一步创制番茄骨干亲本、定向选育番茄新品种奠定基础。采用聚类分析、主成分分析和表型性状综合评价方法,对74份番茄的23个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析及评价。结果表明,74份番茄种质的变异程度高,类型多样,且遗传多样性丰富。12个数量性状的遗传多样性指数为1.27~2.05,株高遗传多样性指数最大。11个质量性状遗传多样性指数为0.20~1.39,果顶形状的遗传变异最大。聚类分析结果表明,供试74份种质资源可划分为5个类群9个亚类,各番茄果形之间划分明显。主成分分析和综合评价结果表明,前7个主成分累计贡献率为72.522%,第一主成分主要反映番茄果实性状,第二主成分主要反映果实的营养品质,第三主成分主要反映果实的颜色特征。各种质的综合得分为-0.902~2.856,5份得分高的种质HX023、HX024、HX027、HX059、HX056可作为核心育种资源加以利用。

In order to accelerate the research of tomato varieties,the establishment of tomato germplasm resource bank,strengthening the extensive collection,identification and evaluation of germplasm resources,combining good genes and effective genes,laid the foundation for the next step to create tomato backbone parents and directional breeding of new tomato varieties,the genetic diversity of 23 phenotypic traits of 74 tomato cultivars was analyzed and evaluated by cluster analysis,principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits.The results showed that 74 tomato germplasm had high degree of variation,diverse types and rich genetic diversity.The genetic diversity index of 12 quantitative traits ranged from 1.27 to 2.05,with the highest genetic variation at plant height.The genetic diversity index of 11 quality traits ranged from 0.20 to 1.39,and fruit apex shape had the largest genetic variation.The results of cluster analysis showed that the 74 germplasm resources could be divided into 5 groups and 9 subgroups,and the fruit shapes were obviously divided.The results of principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first seven main components was 72.522%.The first principal component mainly reflected the fruit traits,the second principal component mainly reflected the nutritional quality of the fruit,and the third principal component mainly reflected the fruit color characteristics.The five germplasms with high comprehensive scores were HX023,HX024,HX027,HX059 and HX056,which could be used as the core breeding resources.