云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区昭通杜鹃种群状况初步调查

Preliminary Investigation on the Population Status of Rhodendron tsaii in Dashanbao Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve,Yunnan

昭通杜鹃(Rhododendron tsaii)于2021年列入《云南省极小种群野生植物名录》,云南大山包黑颈鹤国家自然保护区为新分布记录,为掌握该保护区内昭通杜鹃的种群及分布状况,于2022年3—8月采用访问、踏查、实地调查及面积测量等方法,初步查清昭通杜鹃在该地的分布及种群状况。结果显示:昭通杜鹃空间上分布于大山包集镇南侧的4个地块;种群分布面积3022.24 m 2;种群数量共计550丛,其中健康223丛,亚健康207丛,不健康120丛,单株幼树2株;成苗率低、种群面积狭小,鼠害、干旱等是昭通杜鹃繁衍的主要威胁因子;受限于空间分布狭窄,且处于人为干扰较频繁的区域,严重威胁着昭通杜鹃的生存,急需采取相关保护措施;现有文献资料表明云南大山包黑颈鹤国家自然保护区是昭通杜鹃已知种群数量最大的分布地。基于上述结果,建议相关部门采取就地、近地保护措施,在云南大山包黑颈鹤国家自然保护区建立昭通杜鹃保护示范小区,进行严格保护,以恢复其种群。

Rhodendron tsaii was recently included in the List of Yunnan Protected Plant Species with Extremely Small Population(2021),the Yunnan Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve was a new distribution record.In order to understand the population and distribution status of Rhododendron tsaii in the reserve,methods such as visits,field surveys and area measurements were used from March to August 2022 to preliminarily investigate the distribution and population status of Rhododendron tsaii in the area.The result showed that Rhodendron tsaii was found in four specific areas within the Hexing Village range.The population distribution area was 3022.24 m 2.The population consists of 550 clusters,including 223 healthy clusters,207 sub-healthy clusters,120 unhealthy clusters,and 2 single young trees.The low seedling rate,narrow population area,rodent infestation,drought,etc.were the main threat factors to the reproduction of Rhodendron tsaii.Due to its narrow spatial distribution and vulnerability to human interference,urgent protective measures were needed to ensure the survival of Rhodendron tsaii.Existing literature data showed that the Yunnan Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve was the largest known distribution area of Rhodendron tsaii population.Based on the above results,it was suggested that relevant departments take on-site and near-site protection measures,establish a Rhodendron tsaii conservation demonstration area in the reserve,and strictly protect it to restore its population.