东莞市大岭山大型真菌资源多样性研究

Research on the Diversity of Macrofungal Resources in Dalingshan Forest Park

为摸清大岭山大型真菌物种多样性,在2021—2022年对该区域大型真菌进行野外调查和标本采集,采用形态学和分子生物学方法共鉴定出大型真菌123种,涉及2门4纲14目41科76属,其中子囊菌门真菌10种,涉及3纲4目5科8属,担子菌门真菌113种,涉及1纲10目36科68属。优势科为多孔菌科(Polyporaceae),占15.46%;其次为蘑菇科(Agaricaceae)、鹅膏科(Amanitaceae);优势属为鹅膏属(Amanita),占7%,其次粉褶菌属(Entoloma)、蘑菇属(Agaricus)和小蘑菇属(Micropsalliota)。区系地理成分以世界广布成分为主,占63.16%,其次是泛热带成分,占18.42%。大型真菌资源调查发现食用菌17种,药用菌17种,毒菌12种,我国特有物种8种。大岭山部分大型真菌物种具有较好的开发应用潜力。

In order to explore the macrofungal diversity in Dalingshan Forest Park,from 2021 to 2022,field investigation and specimen collection of macrofungi were conducted.A total of 123 species of macrofungi had been identified by morphological and molecular methods,involving 2 phyla,4 classes,14 orders,41 families and 76 genera,therein 10 species of Ascomycetes involve 3 classes,4 orders,5 families and 8 genera;113 species of Basidiomycetes involve 1 class,10 orders,36 families and 68 genera.The dominant family was Polyporaceae(15.45%),followed by Agaricaceae and Amanitaceae.The dominant genus was Amanita(7%),followed by Entoloma,Agaricus and Micropsalliota.Results of floristic geographical elements in Dalingshan’s macrofungal genera showed that the cosmopolitan element was the dominant(63.16%),followed by pantropical element(18.42%).There were 17 species of edible,17 species of medicinal,12 species of poisonous,and 8 species of Chinese endemic fungi in Dalingshan Forest Park.Some of them have great potentials for development and utilization.