河台黄金菊植物生长特性与营养成分相关性研究

Study on the Correlation Between the Growth Characteristics and Nutritional Components of Chrysanthemum morifolium HETAI

[目的]以广东肇庆特色药食类植物河台黄金菊为材料,探究叶及花序的生长特性和营养成分变化。[方法]实地测量黄金菊叶和花器官生长的全过程,采用相应的比色法探究花器官各发育阶段总黄酮等有效成分含量变化。[结果]河台黄金菊从幼叶发育至成熟叶约168 d,叶发育过程形态变化较大,成熟叶卵形,羽状浅裂或深裂,叶缘圆锯齿状有缺刻;花器官生长周期约为55 d,初花期到盛花期持续20 d左右,舌状花群和管状花群完整发达;花直径可达4.67~4.89 cm。花器官发育过程中可溶性蛋白含量总体呈下降趋势,但总黄酮和可溶性糖含量则持续增加,两者在31~40 d的发育阶段含量均维持较高的水平,结合河台黄金菊叶及花序的生长特性,建议该品种菊花的适宜采摘期在初花期和盛花初期(31~40 d)。[结论]该研究为广东省高要区特色农业(南药)科技园区优势品种的栽培规范提供了依据。

[Objective]Using Chrysanthemum morifolium HETAI,a characteristic medicinal and edible plant in Zhaoqing,Guangdong,as the material,to explore the growth characteristics and nutritional changes of leaves and inflorescences.[Method]The growth of leaves and floral organs from Chrysanthemum morifolium was measured in the field,and corresponding colorimetric methods were used to explore the content changes of effective components.[Result]The Chrysanthemum morifolium HETAI developed from young leaves to mature leaves for about 168 days,with significant morphological changes during the leaf development process.The mature leaves were oval shaped,feathered with shallow or deep cracks,and the leaf edges were round serrated with notches.The growth cycle of flower organs was about 55 days,and it lasted for about 20 days from the initial flowering period to the full-bloom period.The tongue shaped and tubular flower clusters were fully developed;the flower diameter could reach 4.67-4.89 cm.During the development of flower organs,the content of soluble proteins generally showed a downward trend,but the content of total flavonoids and soluble sugars continued to increase,both contents maintain high levels during the development stage of 31-40 days.Combined with the growth characteristics of leaves and inflorescences,the initial flowering period and early peak flowering period(31-40 days)were the suitable harvest time for this variety of chrysanthemum.[Conclusion]This study provides a basis for the cultivation standards of advantageous varieties in the characteristic agriculture(Nanyao)science and technology park of Gaoyao District,Guangdong Province.