新阶段植物营养学的研究重点

Research focus of plant nutrition and fertilizer science in new stage

植物营养学是研究营养元素在土壤-植物系统迁移、转化和利用规律的基础性学科,是支撑全球粮食安全、耕地质量安全、生态环境安全的重要学科。以组学技术和人工智能为代表的学科前沿不断拓展了植物营养学的研究范畴,同时,耕地高强度利用下如何实现作物高产、养分高效、生态健康等多重目标成为新阶段植物营养学的研究重点和难点。本文回顾了近年来植物营养学在营养遗传、养分循环、新型肥料、高效施肥等方向取得的创新进展,同时,基于我国植物营养学研究短板,提出了新阶段植物营养学研究的重点任务,主要包括作物养分高效与抗逆分子调控网络、土壤养分循环与微生物组功能挖掘、新型绿色高效肥料创制与应用、农田养分协同优化原理与方法等方面,旨在推动农业高质量发展,为保障粮食安全和农业绿色发展提供科技支撑。

Plant nutrition is a fundamental science that studies the migration,transformation and utilization of nutrient elements in soil-plant system,it has crucial roles for sustaining global food supply,cultivated land quality,and the security of ecological environment.The frontiers of the discipline expand unceasingly with the rapid development of omics technology and artificial intelligence.In the new stage,how to achieve high crop yield,nutrient efficiency,and ecological health simultaneously has become the focus and challenge of plant nutrition research in the context of intensive utilization of cultivated land.We summarized the recent innovative developments in nutrient genetics,nutrient cycling,new fertilizers,and efficient fertilization technologies.Aiming at the shortcomings in China’s plant nutrition research,the following researches require further strengthening in urgency,as:efficient crop nutrient management and molecular regulatory networks for stress resistance,soil nutrient cycling and microbiome functional exploration,creation and application of novel green fertilizers principles,and the methods for optimizing nutrient synergy in farmlands.The goal is to provide scientific and technological schemes for food security,green and high-quality agricultural development.