不同阻燃剂对尼龙材料加工改性的研究进展

Progress in the modification of nylon materials by different flame retardants

尼龙具有优异的力学性能以及耐腐蚀、耐油性、耐热性等优点,可广泛应用于军工、深海等高端领域。但尼龙材料具有可燃性,在燃烧过程中会产生大量的烟雾、有毒气体和熔体滴落,对人类的生命和财产造成损害。总结了阻燃尼龙基体的加工方式和卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂等常用传统阻燃剂改性尼龙材料的技术发展、应用和困境,分析不同种类阻燃剂对尼龙性能的影响机制,并重点论述了生物基阻燃剂及碳基阻燃剂2种先进尼龙阻燃改性方法的优势、发展及潜在应用。

Nylon has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance,oil resistance,heat resistance and other advantages,and can be widely used in military,deep sea and other high-end fields.However,nylon material is flammable,and will produce a lot of smoke,toxic gases and melt drops during combustion,causing damage to human life and property.This paper summarized the processing methods of flame retardant nylon matrix,reviewed the technical development,application and difficulties of traditional flame retardant modified nylon materials such as halogenated flame retardant,phosphorus flame retardant and nitrogen flame retardant,and analyzed the influence mechanism of different types of flame retardants on nylon properties.The advantages,development and potential applications of bio-based flame retardants and carbon-based flame retardants were discussed.