钢/铝/铝三层板自冲铆接头静载特性及模拟分析

Static load characteristics and simulation analysis of self-piercing riveted joints of steel/aluminum/aluminum three-layer structure sheets

采用自冲铆技术实现了三层板钢/铝/铝异种金属的有效连接。通过接头截面对比研究了3种搭接顺序下接头的成形质量,以成形质量较好的接头为基础,研究了搭接结构对接头的影响,通过拉伸-剪切试验研究了接头静力学性能,结合有限元模拟分析了接头的成形机理与静载失效特性。结果表明:钢板在上层时,接头成形质量优于其它搭接顺序;搭接结构对接头的综合性能影响较大,上板与下板同侧的搭接结构具有更高的静失效载荷,接头的失效形式为中板撕裂失效;中板与下板同侧的搭接结构具有更高的能量吸收值,接头的失效形式为铆钉拉脱失效;成形模拟结果以及拉伸-剪切模拟结果均与实际结果具有较高的一致性。

The effective connection of three-layer sheet with steel/aluminum/aluminum dissimilar metals was realized by using self-piercing riveting(SPR)technology.The forming quality of three kinds of lap sequence joints was studied by comparing the cross-sections of the joints,the influence of the lap structure on the joints was studied based on the joints with better forming quality.The tensile-shear tests were carried out to study the static mechanical properties of the joints.The forming mechanism and static load failure characteristics of joints were analyzed by finite element simulation.The results show that when the steel sheet is on the upper layer,the forming quality of the joints is better than that of other lap sequences.The lap structure has significant influence on the comprehensive performance of the joints.The lap structure of the same side of the upper and lower sheets has higher static failure load,the failure mode of the joints is the tearing failure of the middle sheet.The lap structure on the same side of the middle sheet and the lower sheet has higher energy absorption value,the failure mode of the joints is the rivet pull-out failure.The results of forming simulation and tensile-shear simulation have a high consistency with the actual results.