补饲对冷季放牧娟犏牛瘤胃菌群结构的影响

Effects of Cold Season Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota of Hybrid Offspring of Jersey Cattle and Yak

为了探讨冷季补饲对娟犏牛瘤胃菌群的影响,选取14头5岁龄体况良好的娟犏母牛进行补饲,补饲前记为BQ组,补饲后记为BH组,试验期5个月,并在补饲前、后各采集14例瘤胃液样本进行16S rRNA测序。结果显示,28例瘤胃液样本共获得3581307条原始序列(Raw reads),质控后得到3580024条有效序列(Clean reads)。其中,有效标注(Tags)为2994663条,平均有效率在83.27%~83.95%之间。另外,BQ组和BH组的娟犏牛瘤胃中共同存在1275个OTUs,单独的OTUs分别有259个和317个。补饲后娟犏牛瘤胃中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)和热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。在属水平,BH组不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)的相对丰度明显高于BQ组(P<0.05)。PICRUST2分析结果表明,27个代谢相关通路在BQ组和BH组之间差异显著(P<0.05),其中氨基酸代谢平均丰度最高,其次是辅因子、维生素代谢和碳水化合物代谢。综上所述,冷季补饲可提高娟犏牛瘤胃中代谢相关菌群的丰度,进而改善冷季放牧娟犏牛的营养平衡状况。

In order to investigate the effect of cold season supplementation on the rumen flora of a hybrid breed of Jersey cattle and yak(Jersey cattle-yak),14 females in good condition at the age of 5 years were selected for supplementation,divided into BQ group(before supplementation)and BH group(after supplementation),and the experimental period was 5 months.Fourteen rumen fluid samples were collected before and after the supplementation for 16S rRNA sequencing.The results showed that a total of 3581307 raw reads were obtained from 28 rumen fluid samples,and 3580024 clean reads were obtained after quality control.Among them,there were 2994663 effective tags,and the average efficiency ranged from 83.27%to 83.95%.In addition,1275 OTUs were co-existed in the rumen of Jersey cattleyak in groups BQ and BH,and 259 and 317 individual OTUs were present in BQ and BH,respectively.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Desulfobacterota and Thermoplasmatota in the rumen of Jersey cattle-yak was significantly increased after supplementation(P<0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Acinetobacter,Comamonas and Lysinibacillus in group BH was significantly higher than those in group BQ(P<0.05).PICRUST2 analysis revealed that 27 metabolism-related pathways differed significantly between groups BQ and BH(P<0.05),with amino acid metabolism having the highest average abundance,followed by metabolism of cofactors,vitamins and carbohydrate metabolism.In conclusion,supplemental feeding can increase the abundance of metabolism-related microflora and pathways in the rumen of Jersey cattle-yak,and thus improves its nutrient balance under cold-season grazing conditions.