超声响应型纳米材料在抗炎治疗中的分类与应用

Classification and Application of Ultrasound-Responsive Nanomaterials in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

超声波作为一种具有优秀的组织穿透力的高频机械波,因其无创性和高效性,近年来不仅广泛应用于医学诊断成像中,也被证实在疾病治疗领域有着广阔的应用前景。小尺寸和高反应活性是超声响应型纳米材料的独特优势。该类材料具有在超声刺激下精准控制药物释放的能力,为提升药物治疗效率提供了新途径,因而受到了广大学者的关注。炎症是机体为应对损伤而产生的一种防御性反应,然而,炎症反应过度可能会导致多种机体组织损伤,甚至危及患者的生命。许多研究已证实利用超声响应型纳米材料控制炎症反应是一种可行的治疗方式。目前,超声响应型纳米材料在抗炎治疗中仍有瓶颈,如纳米材料的设计与合成过程复杂,纳米材料生物体内相容性与安全性等问题仍有待进一步验证等。本篇综述针对抗炎领域常见的超声响应型纳米材料进行了归纳与分类,并系统介绍了不同纳米材料的特性。另外,对于超声响应型纳米材料在骨骼疾病、皮肤与肌肉疾病、自身免疫性疾病与呼吸系统疾病等不同疾病中的抗炎应用也进行了阐述,以期为未来超声响应型纳米材料在抗炎领域的精准治疗、靶向递送、临床试验等方向的进一步研究和临床应用提供参考。

Ultrasound,a high-frequency mechanical wave with excellent tissue penetration,has been widely applied in medical diagnostic imaging.Furthermore,it has been reported that ultrasound has broad prospects for extensive applications in the field of disease treatment in recent years due to its non-invasiveness and high efficiency.Ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials have the unique advantages of a small size and a high reactivity.Such materials have the capability for precision control of drug release under ultrasound stimulation,which provides a new approach to enhancing the efficiency of drug therapy.Therefore,these materials have attracted the attention of a wide range of scholars.Inflammation is a defensive response produced by organisms to deal with injuries.However,excessive inflammatory response may lead to various tissue damages in organisms and even endanger patients’lives.Many studies have demonstrated that limiting the inflammatory response using ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials is a viable way of treating diseases.Currently,there are still challenges in the application of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in anti-inflammatory therapy.The design and synthesis process of nanomaterials is complicated,and further verification of the biocompatibility and safety of these materials is needed.Therefore,in this review,we summarized and classified common ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in the field of anti-inflammation and systematically introduced the properties of different nanomaterials.In addition,the anti-inflammatory applications of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in various diseases,such as bone diseases,skin and muscle diseases,autoimmune diseases,and respiratory diseases,are also described in detail.It is expected that this review will provide insights for further research and clinical applications in the realms of precision treatment,targeted drug delivery,and clinical trial validation of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials used in anti-inflammatory therapies.