纳米酶在关节疾病中的应用进展

Advances in the Application of Nanozymes in Joint Disease Therapy

纳米酶是指具备仿酶催化活性的纳米级材料,可以模拟自然界中酶类分子的作用机制,利用先进的化学合成技术,可以精确调控纳米酶的尺寸、形状和表面特性,从而定制所需的催化性能。纳米酶能够模拟包括过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GPx)等清除活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)自然酶的功能。研究证实,纳米酶具有卓越的稳定性、较低的成本以及可调节的催化活性等优势,在疾病治疗的应用上显示出巨大的潜力和广阔的前景。本文就纳米酶在关节疾病中的应用进展展开综述。关节疾病的共同临床表现包括关节疼痛、肿胀、僵硬及活动受限,严重者会导致关节破坏、畸形及功能损害,带来沉重的经济和社会负担。ROS是氧化应激的产物,关节内ROS增加会诱导巨噬细胞向M1型极化,进而诱发和加重关节炎。因此,治疗关节疾病的关键在于清除ROS和增加氧气含量。纳米酶在类风湿关节炎、骨关节炎、痛风性关节炎等关节疾病治疗中,展现出良好的应用潜力,但如何确保其生物安全性、降低毒性并提高酶活性是目前研究的主要瓶颈。精确控制纳米材料的化学组成、尺寸、形状和表面修饰是未来主要的发展方向。

Nanozymes are nanoscale materials with enzyme-mimicking catalytic properties.Nanozymes can mimic the mechanism of natural enzyme molecules.By means of advanced chemical synthesis technology,the size,shape,and surface characteristics of nanozymes can be accurately regulated,and their catalytic properties can be customized according to the specific need.Nanozymes can mimic the function of natural enzymes,including catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GPx),to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS).Reported findings have shown that nanozymes have the advantages of excellent stability,low cost,and adjustable catalytic activity,thereby showing great potential and broad prospects in the application of disease treatment.Herein,we reviewed the advances in the application of nanozymes in the treatment of joint diseases.The common clinical manifestations of joint diseases include joint pain,swelling,stiffness,and limited mobility.In severe cases,joint diseases may lead to joint destruction,deformity,and functional damage,entailing crippling socioeconomic burdens.ROS is a product of oxidative stress.Increased ROS in the joints can induce macrophage M1 type polarization,which in turn induces and aggravates arthritis.Therefore,the key to the treatment of joint diseases lies in ROS scavenging and increasing oxygen(O_(2))content.Nanozymes have demonstrated promising application potential in the treatment of joint diseases,including rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis,and gouty arthritis.However,how to ensure their biosafety,reduce the toxicity,and increase enzyme activity remains the main challenge in current research.Precise control of the chemical composition,size,shape,and surface modification of nanomaterials is the main development direction for the future.