养老机构老年人口腔衰弱发生情况及影响因素分析

Analysis of the Occurrence and Influencing Factors of Oral Frailty in Elderly Residents of Elderly Care Facilities

目的 调查养老机构老年人口腔衰弱发生情况及影响因素,为该人群口腔衰弱有效干预方案的制定提供依据。方法 采用口腔衰弱主客观结合测量法、一般资料调查表、休闲活动问卷、饮食多样性评分问卷、简化营养食欲问卷、微型营养评估简表、Barthel指数、简易精神状态评价量表、简易老年抑郁量表、广义焦虑障碍量表-2,对成都市3个养老机构348名老年人进行调查,分析口腔衰弱相关影响因素。结果 养老机构老年人口腔衰弱发生率为31.0%(108/348)。多因素logistic回归分析显示高龄[比值比(odds ratio, OR)=1.347,95%置信区间(confidence interval, CI):1.237~1.496,P<0.001]、认知障碍(OR=6.769,95%CI:2.628~18.916,P<0.001)、抑郁(OR=8.632,95%CI:1.931~44.387,P=0.007)是养老机构老年人发生口腔衰弱的风险因素,休闲活动评分高(OR=0.883,95%CI:0.786~0.986,P=0.030)、饮食多样性评分高(OR=0.199,95%CI:0.069~0.530,P=0.002)是保护老年人免于发生口腔衰弱的因素。结论 养老机构老年人口腔衰弱发生率较高,口腔衰弱风险因素包括高龄、认知障碍及抑郁,而提高老年人休闲活动水平和饮食多样性程度可预防口腔衰弱的发生。

Objective To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of oral frailty in elderly residents of elderly care facilities and to provide a basis for the development of effective intervention programs for oral frailty in this population.Methods A combination of subjective and objective measurements of oral frailty,a general information questionnaire,a leisure activity questionnaire,the Dietary Variety Score(DVS),the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire(SNAQ),the Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA-SF),Barthel Index(BI),the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),15-Item Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15),and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2(GAD-2)were used to survey 348 elderly residents in three elderly care facilities in Chengdu and to analyze the factors related to oral frailty.Results The prevalence of oral frailty in elderly residents of elderly care facilities was 31.0%(108/348).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age(odds ratio[OR]=1.347,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.237-1.496,P<0.001),cognitive impairment(OR=6.769,95%CI:2.628-18.916,P<0.001),and depression(OR=8.632,95%CI:1.931-44.387,P=0.007)were risk factors for oral frailty in elderly residents of elderly care facilities.High scores in leisure activities(OR=0.883,95%CI:0.786-0.986,P=0.030),and dietary diversity(OR=0.199,95%CI:0.069-0.530,P=0.002)were protective factors against oral frailty.Conclusion The prevalence of oral frailty is relatively high among elderly residents of elderly care facilities.Risk factors for oral frailty include advanced age,cognitive impairment,and depression,while increased levels of leisure activities and dietary diversity can help prevent the occurrence of oral frailty in elderly individuals.