国内外水资源价值与价格研究综述

Review of domestic and international research on the value and price of water resources

针对学术界在水资源价值与价格方面的理论探索及其实践应用,以及目前水价面临的主要挑战,系统整理并归纳了水资源价值研究进展,水资源定价方法和水资源计价方式的种类、适用范围,以及与价值理论相对应的定价模型。研究结果表明:目前对于水资源多元价值的研究仍处于初级阶段,对水资源多元价值的认识不足;现有定价研究大多从单一角度出发,难以全面涵盖水资源社会价值、市场经济价值以及生态经济综合价值,且单一的计价方式不利于节水目标的实现。未来需要开展多维度评估价值、多角度制定价格以及多种计价方式研究,加强水价改革中市场机制的引入,应特别关注发展较慢的农业水价综合改革,以实现水资源的可持续利用。

The classification,principles,scope of application,and current research status of water resource valuation,pricing methods,and valuation approaches are systematically collated and analyzed,with the aim of helping policymakers and water resource managers to select and apply models to practical problems quickly.The analysis concludes that the research on the multiple values of water resources is still in the primary stage,and there is insufficient understanding of the various values of water resources.Most of the existing pricing studies start from a single perspective,which makes it difficult to comprehensively cover the social,market economic,and ecological conomy comprehensive value of water resources.At the same time,a single pricing method is not conducive to the realization of water-saving objectives.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the introduction of market mechanisms in water pricing reform through a more comprehensive multi-dimensional assessment of value,multi-angle price setting,and in-depth investigation of pricing methods,especially focusing on the slower development of comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing,to achieve the sustainable use of water resources.