从大千世界到内在心灵——五代文人的人生模式与文学书写

From the vast world to the inner spirit——Life patterns and literary writing of the literati during the Five Dynasties

五代之际的文人因频繁的朝代更迭、混杂的分裂割据、多重的民族冲突和融合等环境,不得不面对“登仕”或“归隐”的命运选择,并由此形成了复杂的人生择向和模式。因此五代之际的文学创作与文学活动也呈现了与承平时代不同的镜像。盛唐气魄和复归雅正的文学理想成为消逝的风景,时代的讽谕之音和超脱的文学境界逐渐卑弱,衰世体验下的情理冲突和内在心灵的转向成为五代文学特有的书写空间。尽管五代文学没有出现慷慨激昂的变风变雅时代气象,但也着实体现了易代之际文学创作所具有的另一种表达方式和内在声音。

The literati during the Five Dynasties period,faced with frequent changes of dynasties,fragmented regional rule,and multiple ethnic conflicts and integrations,were compelled to confront the destiny of either pursuing official careers(“dengshi”)or retreating to seclusion(“guiyin”).This led to the formation of complex life patterns and positioning.Literature,serving as a mirror of thoughts and emotions,also underwent a transformation,presenting a different reflection from the era of peace.The mentality of taking the world as one’s own responsibility and the literary ideal of returning to elegance gradually became a fading landscape.The satirical voice of the era and the transcendent literary realm progressively weakened.The conflicts between reason and emotion under the declining world experience and the inward turn of the spirit became unique writing spaces in Five Dynasties literature.Although the literary force of the Five Dynasties was not strong enough to dominate the era and did not lead to a vigorous change in style and elegance,it indeed reflected another mode of expression and an inner voice characteristic of literary creation during times of dynastic transition.