高多糖含量灵芝新品种‘沪农灵芝4号’选育

Breeding of High-Polysaccharide Content Ganoderma lucidum Cultivar‘Hunong Lingzhi No.4’

为选育高多糖含量灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)新品种,以‘龙芝2号’(简称‘201’)为出发菌株,对其原生质体进行紫外诱变,获得806个再生菌株,从中筛选出153个与出发菌株具有拮抗反应,菌丝长势较好且稳定的突变株,并利用随机扩增多态性DNA(randomly amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)和简单重复序列(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)分子标记进行聚类分析,结合菌株菌丝体的生物学特性,从聚类分组中选取具代表性的56个突变株进行出芝试验。基于子实体多糖含量、菌棒成品率、菌棒出芝率和子实体产量,从中筛选到综合指标最优的突变株L2-UV59。L2-UV59子实体产量0.103 kg·kg^(-1)干料,多糖含量2.24%,分别较出发菌株提高37.33%和34.13%。示范栽培结果表明,L2-UV59在大田栽培中性状稳定,具有良好的商业应用价值。L2-UV59已通过上海市非主要农作物品种认定,定名为‘沪农灵芝4号’。

Ganoderma lucidum is highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine,and polysaccharides are a group of its major active ingredients showing diverse biological activities,such as immunoregulation,antitumor,lowering blood sugar,alleviating hyperlipidemia,and anti-oxidation.To obtain new strains with highpolysaccharide content,‘Longzhi No.2’(short for‘201’)was used as the starting strain for ultraviolet mutagenesis on its protoplasts.A total of 806 mutant strains were regenerated,and 153 of the regenerated strains were selected because they showed antagonistic reaction to the starting cultivar‘201’and vigorous and stable mycelial growth.Then,cluster analysis was carried out on the 153 selected strains based on their randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)sequences.Based on the dendrogram of the cluster analysis and mycelial characteristics,56 representative mutant strains were selected for further fruiting experiments.These strains were then compared for content of polysaccharides in fruiting body,proportion of harvestable cultivation bags,proportion of fruiting,and fruiting body yield,and eventually a mutant strain named L2-UV59 were selected for its superior comprehensive performance.The yield and polysaccharide content of L2-UV59 were 0.103 kg·kg^(−1) dry substrate and 2.24%,respectively,which were 37.33%and 34.13%higher than those of‘201’,respectively.Demonstration cultivation showed that L2-UV59 was stable in field cultivation and had commercial value.L2-UV59 has passed the identification of non-major crop varieties in Shanghai,and was named‘Hunong Lingzhi No.4’.