超声诊断新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的应用进展

Progress in ultrasound diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(Necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)是新生儿中常见且危及生命的一种胃肠道炎性病变,早期诊断对于改善NEC患儿的预后有显著影响。相较于X线片,超声能够更早地诊断NEC。本文结合近年来国内外的研究文献,分别从二维灰阶超声模式、多普勒超声模式以及超声造影模式3个方面描述NEC的超声诊断特点。文献复习结果表明,NEC的一些特异表现,如肠壁积气、门静脉积气、肠壁形态及灌注改变、肠道运动状态及腹腔积液,超声的图像表现皆优于X线。这表明超声在早期诊断NEC中有一定的意义。

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a common and life-threatening gastrointestinal inflammatory disease.Early diagnosis of NEC has significant impact on improving the prognosis of children with NEC.Compared with radiographs,ultrasound can diagnose NEC much earlier.In this paper,the characteristics of NEC diagnosis were described in terms of gray scale ultrasound,doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.The results of literature review showed that some specific features of NEC,such as intramural gas,portal venous gas,bowel wall thickening and perfusion changes,intestinal movement status and fluid collections,were superior to X-ray images.This indicates that ultrasound has a certain significance in early diagnosis of NEC.