美国小学科学教材编写策略及特色研究

A Study on the Strategies and Characteristics of Writing Science Textbooks for Primary Schools in the United States

一直以来,基础教育科学教育的发展都是美国教育改革的重点内容。小学科学教材是开展科学教育的重要载体,美国小学科学教材从编写理念、编写目标到内容选择和整体结构的设计,都坚持明确科学教育的探究功能,强调以学生为中心的编写理念;遵循国家科学教育标准,发展学生科学素养的编写目标;注重内容选择,确保教材编写质量;强调知识体系的系统性,致力于构建起完整的科学教材体系等基本策略。同时,美国小学科学教材在编写上形成了遵循语言表达的规范性和互动性,注重学科知识的实践性和探究性,讲求图文并茂的趣味性和科学性,以及追求科学知识的多样性和拓展性的实践特色。当前我国小学科学教材编写应贯彻落实新时代我国小学科学教材的编写目标,对标国际水平;严把教材内容标准,兼顾基础性和时代性;完善教材编写体例,建设中国特色高质量教材体系。

The development of science education in basic education has long been a key element in the educational reform of the United States.Primary school science textbooks are an important carrier of science education.The American primary school science textbooks,from the concept of writing,writing objectives to the selection of content and the design of the overall structure,adhere to the concept of writing to clarify the function of inquiry in science education and emphasize student-centred writing;follow the national standards for science education and develop the scientific literacy of the students’writing objectives;pay attention to the selection of content to ensure the quality of the teaching materials;and emphasize the basic strategies such as systematization of the knowledge system and dedication to building a complete science textbook system.systematic,committed to building a complete system of science teaching materials and other basic strategies.At the same time,the American primary school science textbooks have formed the practical characteristics of following the normative and interactive language expression,focusing on the practical and exploratory nature of the subject knowledge,pursuing the interesting and scientific nature of the illustrations and texts,and pursuing the diversity and expansion of the scientific knowledge in the preparation.Currently,the development of science teaching materials for primary schools in China should implement the goals of the new era of science teaching materials for primary schools in China,and aim at the international level;strictly control the content standards of the teaching materials,taking into account the fundamentals and modernity;and improve the format of the teaching materials,so as to build a high-quality teaching materials system with Chinese characteristics.