中国留美研究生教育的历史进程、变迁逻辑与未来展望——基于推拉理论的分析框架

The Historical Process,Changing Logic and Future Prospects of China's Graduate Education in the United States——Analysis Framework Based on Push-Pull Theory

基于推拉理论的分析框架,回顾新中国成立以来中国留美研究生教育的历史进程,剖析其演进的变迁逻辑,展望未来发展趋势,思考在两个变局加速演进的背景下如何内优外调中国研究生教育,对推进社会主义现代化强国建设具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。新中国成立以来,中国留美研究生教育可分为中断与停滞、恢复、中断与发展、顿挫与低迷、回暖与遇冷、下降与放缓5个时期,它是多种因素相互作用、共同施力的结果。其中,中间因素发挥着决定性作用,推拉因素发挥着基础性作用,个人因素发挥着关键性作用。中国留美研究生教育未来趋势:在流向方面,美国依然是中国研究生出国留学的首选目的地,其他国家会日益成为重要考量;在流量方面,中国赴美接受研究生教育的总人数不太可能回到以前的“高潮”状态,不同专业因时因势有所差异;在流速方面,中国留美研究生的流速会进一步降低。我们既要坚定研究生教育对外开放的信心,又要丢掉幻想、正视现实,全面提高研究生自主培养的质量。

Based on the perspective of push-pull theory,reviewing the historical process of China's graduate education in the United States since the founding of the People's Republic of China,analyzing the logic of its evolution,looking forward to the future development trend,and thinking about how to"optimize the internal and external transfer"graduate education in the context of the accelerated evolution of internal and external changes have important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the construction of a socialist modern power.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,China's graduate education in the United States can be divided into five periods:interruption and stagnation,recovery and development,setback and downturn,recovery and cold,decline and slowdown.It is the result of the interaction and joint efforts of various factors.Among them,the intermediate factor plays a decisive role,the push-pull factor plays a fundamental role,and the individual factor plays a key role.Looking forward to the future,China's graduate education in the United States will have the following trends:in terms of flow direction,the United States remains the preferred destination for our graduate students to study abroad,and other countries will increasingly become an important consideration;In terms of flow,the total number of Chinese graduate students studying in the United States is unlikely to return to the previous"climax"state,and different majors vary according to time and situation;In terms of flow rate,the flow rate of Chinese graduate students studying in the United States will be further reduced.We should not only strengthen our confidence in the opening up of graduate education,but also throw away our illusions and face up to the reality,comprehensively improve the quality of independent cultivation of graduate students.