牧场社会中的人、畜、草--以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟B国有牧场为例

Human,Livestock and Grass in Pastural Societies:A Case Study on Xilin Gol League State-Owned Pastureland B

改革开放后,国有牧场进行经济体制改革,积极拥抱市场,通过牧户自主经营激活畜牧生产的活力。以生态治理为导向的制度政策,带来牧区发展“从畜到草”的转变。草场承包使得牧场逐步脱离畜牧业经营,市场开始主导草畜交易的内容与形式。同时在牧场现代化转型过程中,家庭经营的经济效益不稳定,牧民通过多元的畜牧经营方式来抵御市场风险。我们发现在牧场社会中,自然生态、人文生态、人类心态三个方面的协调统一有助于牧区振兴与草原生态的平衡发展。以新发展观推动人、畜、草平衡,有助于形成一个和谐共生、包容多元的牧场社会,实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化。

After China's reform and opening-up,state-owned pastureland carried out a systemic reform of economic structure.To play an active role in the market economy,the herdsmen family improves livestock production through independent management of pastureland.The ecologically oriented policy-making encourages a“livestock to grassland”pattern change in pastoral areas.Grassland contracts have gradually separated pastures from animal husbandry management,and the market has dominated grass-livestock transactions.Meanwhile,family production experienced a great economic beneficial instability in the process of pastureland modernization and transformation.Therefore,local herders implemented a diversified livestock management approach to resist market risks.The result shows,that in the pastural societies,the coordination of natural ecology,human ecology,and human mentality contributes to the revitalization of pastoral areas and the balanced development of grassland ecology.Promoting a human,livestock,grass balance with a new development outlook enables a harmonious coexisting and conclusive diversified pastural societies,therefore achieving the modernization of harmony between humans and nature.