中国哲学中的“心”之性能与精神——以“心无限量”为中心的考察

The Performance and Spirit of“Mind”in Chinese Philosophy——A Study Centered on“Infinite Mind”

“心无限量”是继承儒、佛、道相关思想而形成的一种观念,由程颐最早完整表述出来。所谓“心无限量”是指“心”之性能的无限性,主要包括“心”对万事万物及其变化的全面主宰力、对万事万物及其奥秘的无限认识力、对天下百姓生命的深沉关怀力和对精神意识系统的自主调适力。“心无限量”的根据是“性无内外”。第一,“性”是万物所以然,“形”“理”“心”因“性”而有,“性”贯通万事万物;第二,“性”“物”为一,“性”“理”为一,“性”“心”为一;第三,“心无限量”是“性无内外”的内在逻辑使然。“心无限量”义理根据的揭示与性能多向度的呈现,似可传递给我们殊为难得的信息:“心无限量”是人生命内在力量的释放,其前提条件源自生命本身,其展开的所有向度是相互贯通、相互补充的有机整体。这不仅显示了中国哲学对“心”的认知情状,亦展示了中国哲学的生命关怀精神,而且蕴含了中国哲学与创造这种哲学的主体民族的自信。

“Infinite Mind”is a proposition formed by inheriting the relevant ideas of Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism,which was first and fully elaborated by Cheng Yi.What is“Infinite Mind”?What is the theoretical basis for the concept?What valuable information does it convey?Based on the interpretation of relevant literature,the so-called“Infinite Mind”refers to the infinite performance of the mind,mainly including the comprehensive dominance of the mind over all things and their changes,the infinite understanding of all things,the profound care for the lives of the common people under the heaven,and the autonomous adjustment of the self-awareness system.The basis for the concept of“Infinite Mind”is that nature has no differentiation between the internal and external sides.The first reason is that nature is the essence of all things,which results in the“form”,“reason”,and“mind”.Nature connects all things.The second reason is that“inherent character”and“object”are one,“nature”and“reason”are one,and“nature”and“mind”are one;The third reason is that“infinite mind”comes out of the inherent logic of“nature has no differentiation between the internal and external sides”.The revelation of the theoretical basis and multi-dimensional presentation of the performance of“unlimited mind”seem to convey us the information that“infinite mind”is the release of the inner strength of human life,and its prerequisite comes from life itself.All dimensions it unfolds are interconnected and complementary organic whole,not only demonstrating the cognitive state of Chinese philosophy towards“Mind”,but also demonstrating the caring-life spirit of Chinese philosophy,and containing the confidence of Chinese philosophy and the nation that created this philosophy.