进贤县2021—2023年肺结核流行病学特征及其防控措施探讨

Epidemiological Characteristics and Prevention and Control Measures of Tuberculosis in Jinxian County from 2021 to 2023

目的分析进贤县2021—2023年肺结核流行病学特征,并探讨其防控措施。方法收集整理2021年1月至2023年12月期间进贤县报告记录的肺结核患者734例为研究对象,基于描述性流行病学方法,统计分析进贤县2021—2023年肺结核流行病学发展状况,就不同发病年份、月份、性别、年龄、职业特征等开展研究,提出针对性预防控制对策,帮助易感人群防控感染,降低肺结核发病率。结果2021—2023年进贤县共报告肺结核患者734例,2021—2023年进贤县肺结核年平均发病率逐年降低,其中2021年肺结核发病人数最多,2022年次之,2023年肺结核发病人数最少,在报告的进贤县肺结核患者734例中,男性患者为433例,女性患者为301例,男女比例为1.44∶1,男性肺结核发病率远远高于女性肺结核发病率(P<0.05);从肺结核患者年龄方面分析,患者发病年龄段广泛,多集中于15岁以上,其中0~14岁年龄组发病率为2.45%,15~64岁年龄组发病率最高,为65.53%,>65岁年龄组发病率为32.02%;发病时间分布方面分析,肺结核在1~12月各月份均有发病情况,其中肺结核发病率最高的3个月份分别是3月份11.85%、9月份10.35%和5月份9.26%,1月份肺结核发病率最低为5.31%;发病职业特征方面分析,734例肺结核患者中,农民、工人、学生发病率分别为42.78%、16.76%、10.35%,其他职业由高到低依次为家政服务人员、民工、医务人员、教师、商业服务人员、待业、离退休人员以及其他。结论进贤县2021—2023年肺结核流行病学特征呈现出显著的发病时间、年龄、性别、职业等差异,发病整体趋势逐年降低,针对肺结核流行病学特征制定切实可行防控措施,能在肺结核疾病防控中发挥积极作用,提高公共卫生安全。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Jinxian County from 2021 to 2023,and to discuss its prevention and control measures.Methods 734 cases of tuberculosis patients reported and recorded in Jinxian County from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected and sorted as the research objects.Based on descriptive epidemiological methods,the development of tuberculosis epidemiology in Jinxian County from 2021 to 2023 was statistically analyzed,and studies were carried out on different incidence years,months,gender,age,occupational characteristics,etc.Put forward targeted prevention and control measures to help the susceptible population to prevent and control infection and reduce the incidence of tuberculosis.Results A total of 734 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Jinxian County from 2021 to 2023,and the annual average incidence of tuberculosis in Jinxian County decreased year by year from 2021 to 2023,with the highest number of tuberculosis cases in 2021,followed by 2022,and the lowest number of tuberculosis cases in 2023.Among the 734 cases of tuberculosis patients reported in Jinxian County,There were 433 male patients and 301 female patients,with a male to female ratio of 1.44∶1.The incidence of tuberculosis in males was much higher than that in females(P<0.05).From the analysis of the age of tuberculosis patients,the incidence of patients in the age group of 0-14 years old was 2.45%,the incidence of 15-64 years old age group was the highest,65.53%,the incidence of>65 years old age group was 32.02%.From January to December,the incidence of tuberculosis was observed in every month.The highest incidence of tuberculosis was 11.85%in March,10.35%in September and 9.26%in May.The lowest incidence of tuberculosis was 5.31%in January.According to the analysis of occupational characteristics,among the 734 patients with tuberculosis,the incidence of farmers,workers and students were 42.78%,16.76%and 10.35%,respectively.The other occupations were domestic workers,migrant workers,medical personnel,teachers,commercial service personnel,unemployed,retired people and others from high to low.Conclusions The epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Jinxian County from 2021 to 2023 show significant differences in onset time,age,gender and occupation,and the overall incidence trend is decreasing year by year.Based on the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis,feasible prevention and control measures should be formulated to play a positive role in the prevention and control of tuberculosis disease and improve public health safety.