脑电图用于评估帕金森病患者早期认知障碍的应用效果探讨

Exploration of the Application Effect of Electroencephalography in Evaluating Early Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

目的以确诊为帕金森病(PD)的患者为研究对象,评估诊断期间应用脑电图检查所取效果以及对于早期认知功能障碍的应用价值。方法将研究时间确定为2022年3月至2024年3月,纳选对象选择北京大学第六医院神经内科病房收治确诊为PD的患者,入组对象共计80例,将其设定为观察组,选取同期健康体检者80名作为对照组,两组纳选对象均接受脑电图检查,观察慢波出现情况、脑电波不同脑区域功率频谱以及与MMSE评分的关系,同时对比非运动症状[PD统一量表Ⅱ-Ⅲ(UPDRSⅡ-Ⅲ)]评分、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分,分析认知状态不同者相关脑电图参数变化情况。结果观察组慢波出现率高于对照组(P<0.05);脑电波不同脑区域功率频谱对比,结果均显示为观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。脑电波不同脑区域功率频谱与MMSE评分呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。认知功能越差非运动症状[PD统一量表Ⅱ-Ⅲ(UPDRSⅡ-Ⅲ)]评分越高,慢波发生率越高(P<0.05);和对照组相比,观察组MMSE评分较低(P<0.05);认知状态不同者经脑电图检查,各指标参数也会随着认知障碍发生而产生变化,数值对比差异明显(P<0.05)。结论脑电图分析慢波比率和功率频谱比值与PD患者MMSE评分密切相关,慢波比率越高,功率频谱比值越低,MMSE评分越低,认知损伤越严重,对于诊断为PD的患者在诊断期间应用脑电图检查可以快速、客观地评估患者认知功能,充分反映认知障碍严重程度,为临床提供可靠依据。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of electroencephalogram(EEG)examination during diagnosis and its value in early cognitive impairment in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods The study period was determined to be from March 2022 to March 2024.Patients diagnosed with PD were selected from the Department of Neurology Ward,Peking University Sixth Hospital.A total of 80 patients were enrolled and set as the observation group.Eighty healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Both groups of selected patients underwent EEG examinations to observe the occurrence of slow waves,the power spectrum of different brain regions of EEG waves,and their relationship with MMSE scores.At the same time,the scores of non-motor symptoms[PD Unified ScaleⅡ-Ⅲ(UPDRSⅡ-Ⅲ)]and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)were compared to analyze the changes of related EEG parameters in different cognitive states.Results The occurrence rate of slow wave in observation group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The comparison of power spectrum of different brain regions showed that the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).MMSE score was positively correlated with the power spectrum of different brain regions(P<0.05).The lower the cognitive function,the higher the score of non-motor symptoms[PD Unified ScaleⅡ-Ⅲ(UPDRSⅡ-Ⅲ)],the higher the incidence of slow wave(P<0.05);MMSE score of observation group was lower than that of control group(P<0.05).The EEG of the patients with different cognitive states also changed with the occurrence of cognitive impairment,and the difference in value was significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The slow wave ratio and power spectrum ratio in EEG analysis are closely related to the MMSE score of PD patients.The higher the slow wave ratio,the lower the power spectrum ratio,the lower the MMSE score,and the more severe the cognitive impairment.For patients diagnosed with PD,the application of EEG examination during diagnosis can quickly and objectively evaluate their cognitive function,fully reflect the severity of cognitive impairment,and provide reliable basis for clinical practice.