生物政治的诞生——重释福柯的《主体性与真相》

The Birth of Biological Politics:reinterpreting Foucault’s Subjectivity and Truth

《主体性与真相》是福柯晚期的一部往往被忽视的杰作。其中的一个今日尚待深思的要点正是“bios”概念的明确提出,及其与“zoe”之间的辩证。看似福柯的思路只是延续了柏拉图和亚里士多德以来的沉思生活的古典传统,但实际上,他对“aphrodisia”的阐发,以及由此敞开的“nomos”的分布与配置,皆与当代欧陆思潮有着明显的关联。经由福柯与阿伦特、阿甘本之间的对话,“bios”与“zoe”之间的张力不断得以澄清,更是由此敞开了动物性及否定性这两个关键要点。从“bios”向“zoe”的回归,从生命政治向生物政治的转向,或许正是晚年福柯留给世人的一个宝贵的思想遗产。

Subjectivity and Truth is Foucault’s masterpiece in his late years which is often underestimated.One of the main points that remains to be pondered today is the explicit formulation of the notion“bios”and its dialectic with“zoe”.It may seem that Foucault’s thinking is a continuation of the classical tradition of the“bios theōretikos”since Plato and Aristotle,but in fact,his elaboration of the“aphrodisia”and the distribution and configuration of the“nomos”opened up by it have a clear connection with contemporary European thinking waves.Through Foucault’s dialogues with Arendt and Agamben,the tension between“bios”and“zoe”is continuously clarified as the two key points of animality and negativity are opened up.The return from“bios”to“zoe”and the turn from bio-politics to biological politics(politikon z on)may be a valuable intellectual legacy left by Foucault to the world in his later years.