原核生物的启动子及其研究方法进展

Progress in Prokaryotic Promoters and Their Research Methods

启动子是调控转录起始的最基本元件,对原核生物的生存和适应至关重要。深入研究原核生物的启动子有助于了解原核生物的基因表达调控机制,有利于构建智能和高效的工程菌株,进而有利于提高重要代谢物的产量,在合成生物学和代谢工程等领域均具有重要意义。近年来,随着原核生物启动子研究成果的不断积累,大量启动子的序列被克隆、鉴定以及改造,并被尝试用于生产实践。本文介绍了原核生物启动子的结构和类型,详述了启动子预测、结构分析、功能鉴定及其开发应用的方法,最后对该领域的研究进行展望,以期为筛选和鉴定新型原核生物启动子、提高靶基因的高效表达及优化代谢途径提供思路。

Promoters are the most fundamental elements responsible for regulating transcription initiation and are essential for the survival and adaptation of prokaryotes.An in-depth study of the prokaryotic promoters helps to understand the regulatory mechanism of gene expression,which is conducive to constructing intelligent and efficient engineering strains and then helps to improve the production of important metabolites,which is of great significance to the fields of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.In recent years,with the continuous accumulation of research results on prokaryotic promoters,a large number of promoter sequences have been cloned,characterized as well as modified,and attempted to be used in production practice.This article introduces the structure and types of prokaryotic promoters and elaborates on the methods of promoter prediction,structural analysis,functional identification,and development and application.Finally,it prospects research in this field,intending to provide ideas for screening and identifying new proka-ryotic promoters,improving efficient expression of target genes,and optimizing metabolic pathways.