数据信息分析合理性认定的版权规则

Copyright Rules for Determining the Rationality of Data Information Analyssis

数据输入是人工智能生成作品的前提和基础,将合理使用制度引入数据信息分析场景,是许多国家作出的制度选择。从立法体例而言,关于合理使用的认定规则有“因素主义”与“类型主义”之别,但现代各国大抵倾向于概括式规定(三步检验法)+列举式规定(类型法定化)的制度安排。在大数据时代,美国、日本与欧盟的立法动向和司法活动,对数据信息分析合理性问题采取了不同的法律政策立场。中国著作权法尚不能为数据训练提供侵权豁免,未来修法有必要进行规则补充和完善,即增设数据信息分析的合理使用类型,明确“使用目的”“使用方式”“使用后果”的合理性要素,建构数据库许可交易、权利保留、数据信息披露、适当补偿等辅助性制度。

Data input is the prerequisite and foundation for the generation of works by artificial intelligence.The introduction of the fair use system into the context of data information analysis has been a common choice for many countries.In terms of legislative structure,there is a distinction between"factorism"and"typism"in the determination rules for fair use,while modern countries generally take the combination of general provisions(three-step test)and enumerated provisions(typification in legislation).In the era of big data,the legislative trends and judicial practices in the United States,Japan,and the European Union have adopted different legal policy positions on the rationality of data information analysis.Currently,providing exemption from infringement for data training remains infeasible under Copyright law in China.Future legislative amendments should supplement and improve the rules by adding the type of fair use for data information analysis,adopting rationality elements in"purpose of use,""manner of use,"and"consequences of use,"and establishing auxiliary systems such as database licensing transactions,rights reservation,data information disclosure,and appropriate compensation.