理解技术奇点与探索人机共舞——詹姆斯·卡茨教授关于人工智能的演讲综述

Understanding the Technological Singularity and Exploring the Human-machine Dance-A Review of Professor James Katz's Speeches on Artificial Intelligence

2023年9月14日至15日,美国波士顿大学传播学院教授詹姆斯·卡茨受邀于复旦大学演讲。本文为卡茨教授“人工智能在社会中的困境:美国与欧洲的视角”与“人工智能在未来教育中的角色:课堂、社会公平与数字鸿沟”两场讲座的要点记录。上篇主要涉及美国与西欧社会语境中民众、大众媒体与掌权精英对人工智能技术态度的最新实证调查,技术奇点趋势下人工智能对艺术创造性与亲密关系的辩证影响,以及西方语境下的技术规制路径。下篇聚焦ChatGPT在教育领域的争议性应用及其省思。基于人机学习能力差异的前沿调查,卡茨教授厘清当前大语言模型应用于课堂情境的优势与风险,进而倡导以“教育公平”为指引,积极探索人与机器协作共生的路径。卡茨教授指出,尤其需要划定数据收集与应用的边界,整合技术公司的内部监督与社会全体的外部监督,以实现系统性的人工智能信任。此外,结语增介卡茨教授有关上述议题的最新著述,以加深对其人文主义技术范式思想的理解。

On 14-15 September 2023,Professor James Katz of the College of Communication at Boston University was invited to give speeches at Fudan University.This article is a record of Professor Katz's two lectures on“Dilemmas of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in Society:Perspectives from the USA&Europe”and“The Future Role of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in Education:Classrooms,Social Equity,and Digital Divides”.The first lecture focuses on the latest empirical analysis on the attitudes of the public,mass media and social elites towards AI technologies in the US and Western European social contexts,the dialectical impact of AI on artistic creativity and interpersonal intimacy in the context of the technological singularity,as well as the principles of technological regulations in the Western context.The second lecture focuses on the controversial application of ChatGPT in education with a critical reflection.Based on a cutting-edge research of differences between human and machine learning abilities,Professor Katz clarifies the advantages and risks of the current application of large language models in the classroom,and then advocates actively exploring the path of human-machine collaboration and symbiosis under the guidance of“educational equity”.In particular,Professor Katz points out the need to delineate the boundaries of data collection and application,and to integrate internal monitoring by technology companies with external monitoring by society as a whole in order to achieve systematic trust in AI.The final part of the article elaborates Professor Katz's recent writings on the above topics to deepen the understanding of his humanist technological paradigm.