论破产欺诈行为刑民界分的认定标准

On the Recognition Criteria of Criminal-Civil Boundary of Bankruptcy Fraud

破产欺诈行为既可能构成民事违法也可能构成刑事犯罪,破产欺诈行为的刑民界分是指以何种标准将破产欺诈行为中构成虚假破产罪、妨害清算罪的行为挑选出来以两罪论处。司法实务中因对虚假破产罪与妨害清算罪做了不合理的限制解释导致对破产欺诈行为做出了不合理的刑民界分,破产主体、破产欺诈行为所处何种程序不应当成为刑民界分时的筛选标准;破产欺诈行为的刑民界分除了数额、情节等可作为筛选标准外,可从破产欺诈的行为类型上进行筛选,也可从破产欺诈行为与破产状态的因果关系上进行筛选。

Bankruptcy fraud can constitute both civil violation and criminal offense.The demarcation between civil and criminal boundaries of bankruptcy fraud refers to identifying the standard to select those fraudulent acts that constitute crimes of false bankruptcy and crimes of obstruction to liquidation for punishment.In judicial practice,an unreasonable restriction and interpretation of crimes of false bankruptcy and crimes of obstruction to liquidation has led to an unreasonable distinction between the civil and criminal boundaries of bankruptcy fraud.The subjects of bankruptcy and the procedures in which the bankruptcy fraud occurs should not be the criteria for distinguishing between civil and criminal boundaries.Apart from the amount and circumstances,the behavioral types of bankruptcy fraud and the causal relationship between bankruptcy fraud and bankruptcy status can also be used as criteria for distinguishing the civil and criminal boundaries of bankruptcy fraud.