数字文旅空间的沉浸叙事研究

Research on Immersive Narratives in Digital Cultural Tourism Spaces

在文化数字化趋势下,文旅项目通过综合运用“文化数字化+在地行走”和“旅游数字化+在线行走”等形式,以旅游者为中心进行叙事带入与空间改写。数字文旅的沉浸式特征分为叙事符号的多模态化、叙事语境的交融共构以及叙事实践的跨域体验。从叙事学视域对数字文旅的沉浸机制进行分析,可将文旅空间的叙事组织分为地志层、时空层与视域层。沉浸式展陈利用具身实践和感官互动构成叙事的黏合剂,巩固观者对特定文化语境的在场感,以实现感官沉浸;沉浸式演艺运用叙事技巧和场景布置为旅游者锚定虚拟世界,以提升故事沉浸;沉浸式街区将线下空间作为跨媒介叙事载体,使空间中的叙事要素与共创文本形成互文,丰富地方象征意义,以提升想象沉浸。沉浸叙事系统为数字化发展下文旅融合的高质量内容生产提供了参考思路,我国的数字文旅项目可从叙事文本的深入嵌套、叙事符码的多向协同、叙事方式的空间转换三重策略出发,促进沉浸式文旅业态可持续发展。

In the era of cultural digitalization,numerous cultural and tourism projects are embracing digital technology to create immersive experiences.The fusion of digital tools with cultural spaces has not only transformed tourism into a storytelling medium but also opened up a realm of rich immersive narrative expressions.Digital tourism projects combine cultural digitalization with on-site and online tourism by creating narratives and reshaping spaces centered around visitors.The immersive features of these projects include multimodal narrative symbols,the blending of narrative contexts,and the cross-domain experience of visitor practices.Narrative texts form the core of the expression system,while landscape symbols constitute the modular elements and interspaces between texts.Context serves to connect the narrative texts,and experiential practices ultimately build the overall explanatory system spanning spatial and temporal dimensions.The narrative organizational structure of digital tourism projects can be divided into three layers:the topographic layer,which denotes the physical setting where the story unfolds;the text layer,representing the spatiotemporal domain of action where the story is told;and the perspective layer,which encompasses the space from which the story is told,enabling viewers to blend their present surroundings with past memories to create a comprehensive field of vision.The narrative organizational levels of digital tourism spaces consist of symbol collections constructed for the world from the topographic layer,meaning constructions relying on narrative transportation from the spatiotemporal layer,and practice guidance based on viewpoint conversion from the perspective layer.By analyzing the narrative structure and immersion mechanisms,digital tourism projects can innovate their narrative expressions according to different immersive forms.Immersive exhibitions employ embodied spatial practices and use sensory interaction logic as narrative adhesives,reinforcing the viewer’s sense of presence in a specific cultural context and enhancing sensory immersion.Immersive performances need to utilize narrative techniques and surrounding scene settings to anchor tourists in a virtual world,expanding linear narratives into story worlds and enhancing story immersion.Immersive districts can integrate offline physical spaces as part of the cross-media narrative carrier,use the interpretive power of real spaces to create intertextuality between narrative elements and co-created texts,endow places with richer symbolic meanings and enhancing imaginative immersion.The proposal of an immersive spatial narrative system provides a reference for the high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration in the context of digitalization.This shift has also facilitated the integration of culture and tourism.The integration of virtual and real elements and diverse narrative practices enables the full integration of local and online spaces,thereby generating richer social and cultural value through digital transformation in cultural and tourism projects.