结构互嵌与耦合机制:特大城市便民服务类“新基建”及其应急治理效能探究

Structural Embedding and Coupling Mechanism:New Infrastructure for People-oriented Services in Mega Cities and Its Emergency Governance Efficiency

在深入贯彻落实总体国家安全观的背景下,特大城市防范化解重大风险的重要性和紧迫性变得越来越突出。鉴于城市基础设施建设与应急管理的密切关联性,基于S市的实证调查,研究发现便民服务类“新基建”从经济领域向社会领域的延伸,充分发挥了数据赋能、趋势研判、应急处置等作用,有利于解决当前应急治理塌陷的问题,形成了与应急治理的结构互嵌。具体表现为时空结构下的共现、经济之于社会的结构性再嵌入、“全灾种”“大应急”理念下治理结构顶层设计与底层诉求的贯穿、技术理性与目的理性的有效融合。究其原因,关键在于形成以人民为中心的升级改造机制,实现了理念耦合;形成以“双新”为契机的需求导向机制,形塑了实践操作耦合;形成以多元主体为依托的利益协调机制,建构了责任耦合;形成以提升风险意识为重点的全周期应对机制,优化了平时与战时的耦合。

As the urbanization process rapidly advances,the importance and urgency of preventing and mitigating major risks in mega cities have become increasingly prominent.Considering the close relationship between urban infrastructure construction and emergency management,the development of“new infrastructure”has emerged as an opportunity for mega cities to enhance their urban emergency governance capabilities.In particular,the extension of“new infrastructure”for convenient services from the economic domain to the social domain,such as its integration into communities in areas like daily life,leisure,elderly care,and healthcare,has fully leveraged its functions in data empowerment,trend analysis,and emergency response.This development helps address the current challenges in emergency governance and forms an embedded structure with emergency management.The integration of“new infrastructure”and emergency governance is manifested in four aspects.First,co-occurrence under the spatiotemporal structure is committed to the dual goals of“new industrial momentum”and“new governance momentum.”Second,the structural re-embedding of the economy into society encompasses both economic development and emergency response to risks.Third,the governance structure integrates top-level design and grassroots demands under the concept of“all-hazards”and“major emergencies.”Fourth,there is an effective fusion of technological rationality and purposeful rationality,with the concrete indicators of“new infrastructure”enhancing the soft power of cities.The successful integration and structural embedding of“new infrastructure”for convenient services with emergency governance in mega cities can be attributed to several factors.Firstly,a people-centered upgrading and transformation mechanism is formed,realizing conceptual coupling.It is committed to using advanced technologies to provide more convenient services for the orderly operation of urban communities and the lives of residents while offering a smart platform and technical support for community participation in emergency governance.Secondly,a demand-oriented mechanism taking“dual innovation”as an opportunity shapes the coupling of practical operations,simultaneously meeting the needs of emergency management and accelerating urbanization.Taking the construction of a new development pattern as an opportunity,it can not only meet the self-service,self-organization,and self-management needs of community residents,but also strengthen the practical needs of risk prevention and crisis response in mega cities.Thirdly,a mechanism for coordinating interests based on multiple stakeholders is established,constructing responsibility coupling.Through the convergence of responsibility orientations of diverse actors,an intelligent and information-based new governance system is built,incorporating terminals covering various fields such as community safety,convenience,and governance into the smart city construction system.Through the embedding of responsibilities and the coordination of interests of multiple stakeholders,the intelligent and scientific development of community emergency governance has been promoted.Lastly,a full-cycle response mechanism focused on enhancing risk awareness is formed,continuously optimizing and improving the integration of regular and emergency operations in the emergency governance of mega cities.