信念证成的结构与程度

The Structure and Degree of Belief Justification

信念证成作为认识论的核心概念,构成了主体进行推理、思考、规划和决策的基础,但由于学界对证据的类型和性质在认识上存在分歧,使得证成理论处于证据主义与可靠主义以及内在论与外在论的二元之争。然而,证成理论的重心并不在于这种二元论争辩,而应聚焦于对证成结构和程度的研究,因为它们恰是证成的本质,即确定主体在何种程度相信某个命题,使其有资格成为知识。为此,证成理论的关键在于如何结构化证据,厘清证据之间的内在联系,从而确定信念或命题在何种程度上获得了证成。对于证成程度,可借助融贯度进行衡量。概率融贯论是证成理论的前沿研究,它运用概率测度来计算融贯度或证成程度,在该框架中可以系统地剖析融贯、概率和证成之间的深层次联系。

As a core concept in epistemology,belief justification forms the basis for reasoning,thinking,planning,and decision-making by individuals.However,disagreements within academia regarding the types and nature of evidence have led to epistemological debates between evidentialism and reliabilism,and between internalism and externalism.Nevertheless,the focus of justification theory is not on these dualistic arguments,but rather on researching the structure and degree of justification,as they constitute the essence of justification–determining to what extent a subject believes a proposition,qualifying it as knowledge.Therefore,the key of justification theory lies in how evidence is structured,clarifying the inherent connections between evidence to ascertain the degree to which beliefs or propositions are justified.Degrees of justification can be measured using coherence.Probability coherence theory represents cutting-edge research in justification theory,using probability measures to calculate coherence or justification levels.Within this framework,it is possible to systematically analyze the deep connections between coherence,probability,and justification.