2005—2022年陕西省甲型病毒性肝炎流行特征及回归分析

Epidemiological characteristics and regression analysis of viral hepatitis A in Shaanxi province from 2005 to 2022

目的探讨2005—2022年陕西省甲型病毒性肝炎的发病趋势与流行特征。方法收集2005年1月1日至2022年12月31日甲肝发病数据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析甲肝流行特征,运用Joinpoint回归模型分析不同地区、性别和年龄组间的发病变化趋势。结果2005—2022年陕西省共报告甲肝11747例,年平均发病率为1.72/10万,发病率整体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-13.0%,t=-6.6,P<0.01),从2005年的4.72/10万下降至2021年的0.40/10万;2008和2011年为转折点,2005—2008年和2011—2022年呈缓慢下降趋势,2008—2011年呈快速下降趋势。发病人群以农民(48.03%)和学生(19.42%)为主,年龄主要集中在10~54岁年龄段(68.72%)。男性和女性发病率分别以2007年和2008年为转折点呈快速下降趋势;男女性别比为1.56∶1,呈波动下降趋势,由2005年的1.75∶1下降到2022年的0.96∶1。结论陕西省甲肝报告发病水平整体呈下降趋势,以甲肝疫苗预防接种为主的防控措施效果显著。应继续加强甲肝疫情监测,做好适龄儿童和重点人群甲肝疫苗接种工作,开展健康教育,养成良好卫生习惯,将甲肝发病率控制在较低水平。

Objective To investigate the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis A(hepatitis A)in Shaanxi province from 2005 to 2022.Methods The incidence data of hepatitis A from January 1,2005 to December 31,2022 were collected.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A,and Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of incidence among different regions,genders and age groups.Results A total of 11747 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Shaanxi province from 2005 to 2022,with an average annual incidence of 1.72/100000.The overall incidence showed a downward trend(AAPC=-13.0%,t=-6.6,P<0.01),from 4.72/100000 in 2005 to 0.40/100000 in 2021.The turning points were in 2008 and 2011.There were slow declines in 2005-2008 and 2011-2022,and a rapid decline in 2008-2011.Farmers(48.03%)and students(19.42%)were the main affected population,and the age group was mainly 10-54 years old(68.72%).The incidence rates of male and female showed a rapid downward trend since 2007 and 2008,respectively.The ratio of male to female was 1.56:1,showing a fluctuating downward trend from 1.75:1 in 2005 to 0.96:1 in 2022.Conclusions The reported incidence of hepatitis A showed a downward trend in Shaanxi province,and the prevention and control measures based on hepatitis A vaccine were effective.It is necessary to continue to strengthen the surveillance of hepatitis A.The hepatitis A vaccination for the school-age children and key groups should be implemented.Health education should be carry out for developing good health habits and controlling the incidence of hepatitis A at a lower level.