职业教育如何支持技能型社会建设——基于技能培养视角的全国抽样调查

How Vocational Education Supporting the Construction of Skill-Based Society--A Nationwide Sampling Sruvey from the Perspective of Skill Cultivating

职业教育的根本任务是培养高素质技术技能人才,为技能型社会建设提供有力的人力资源支撑。本研究对全国东中西部14个省市15所职业院校,以及校企合作企业、当地人力资源和教育主管部门进行了实证调研,从直接投入和间接投入两个角度考察职业院校学生的技能培养情况。调研表明,学生学习任务参与度较高,课程外活动参与度较低;学生对技能学习的认可度较高,对职业教育的认可度较低,对未来职业的信心和认知亦不足;学校技能培养存在线性窘境,工学结合的深度不够;“双师型”教师比例在不同类型院校之间存在失衡现象,教师科研能力总体偏低;师生互动的有效性不高。研究建议,从技能培养视角出发,职业教育要有效支持技能型社会建设,应树立大职业教育观,从提升技能型人才培养质量,推进职业教育数字化转型,开展职业院校办学核心要素改革,增强职业教育适应性等方面着力,从而为新质生产力发展持续赋能,打造支持技能型社会建设的新生态。

The fundamental task of vocational education is to cultivate high-quality technicians and provide strong human resource support for the construction of a skill-based society.This study conducted empirical study on 15 vocational colleges in 14 provinces and cities in the eastern,central,and western China,as well as college-enterprise cooperation enterprises,local human resources sections and education authorities.The skill training of vocational college students was investigated from both direct and indirect engagement perspectives.According to the research,students have a high participation in learning tasks but a low participation in extracurricular activities;students have a high degree of recognition for skill learning but a low recognition of vocational education,and insufficient confidence and cognition of future careers;there is a linear dilemma in school skill training,and the depth of work-study combination is limited;the proportion of"double-qualified"teachers is imbalanced among different types of colleges,and the overall scientific research ability of teachers is low;the effectiveness of teacher-student interaction is not obvious.Research suggests that from the perspective of skill training,in order to effectively support the construction of a skill-based society,vocational education should establish a grand vocational education concept,focusing on improving the quality of skilled talent training,promoting the digital transformation of vocational education,carrying out the reform of the core elements of vocational colleges,and enhancing the adaptability of vocational education,thereby continuously empowering the development of new productive forces and creating a new ecology that supports the construction of a skilled society.