1955—2022年上海市杨浦区职业性尘肺病流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Yangpu District of Shanghai City from 1955-2022

目的分析1955—2022年上海市杨浦区职业性尘肺病的发病特点、尘肺种类等流行病学特征,为职业病防治策略、相关标准及法规的制定提供参考依据。方法收集上海市杨浦区职业病诊断机构报告的所有尘肺病病例和中国疾病预防控制信息系统导出1955—2022年诊断的尘肺病患者信息,开展随访与回顾性调查,并对数据进行分析。结果共调查546例尘肺病病例,存活115例,死亡289例,失访142例。诊断的尘肺病病例集中在1970—1989年时间段(360例,占65.93%);以Ⅰ期为主(336例,占61.54%);铸工尘肺占比最高(243例,占44.51%),其次为矽肺(212例,占38.83%);男女性别比为33.125∶1,发病年龄以40~<60岁年龄组病例为主(395例,占72.34%);病例工种以清砂工和型砂工为主(236例,占43.22%)。结论1955—2022年上海市杨浦区职业性尘肺病在所有职业病中占比较多,严重危害人群健康。政府及有关部门要加大对职业性尘肺病的监管和执法力度,加强职业病防治宣传教育工作;用人单位应落实主体责任,加大在职业防护设施设备上的投入力度,加强职业卫生培训及管理工作,切实保护劳动者的健康。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Yangpu District of Shanghai City from 1955 to 2022,including incidence characteristics and types,in order to provide scientific basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention and control strategies,relevant standards,and regulations.Methods All cases of pneumoconiosis reported by occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Yangpu District of Shanghai City were collected and the pneumoconiosis patient information diagnosed from 1955 to 2022 were exported from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,to conduct follow-up and retrospective survey,and the data were analyzed.Results A total of 546 cases of pneumoconiosis were investigated,with 115 surviving cases,289 deaths,and 142 lost visits.The diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis were concentrated between 1970 and 1989(360 cases,accounting for 65.93%).Most of cases were in phaseⅠ(336 cases,accounting for 61.54%).The proportion of foundry workers'pneumoconiosis was the highest(243 cases,accounting for 44.51%),followed by silicosis(212 cases,accounting for 38.83%).The sex ratio of men and women was 33.125∶1,and the age of onset was mainly in the age group of 40-<60 years(395 cases,accounting for 72.34%).The main types of work for the cases were sand cleaners and molding workers(236 cases,accounting for 43.22%).Conclusions The occupational pneumoconiosis accounts for a significant proportion of all occupational diseases in Yangpu District of Shanghai City from 1955 to 2022,and poses a serious threat to the health of the population.The government and relevant departments should increase thesupervision and law enforcement efforts on occupational pneumoconiosis,and strengthen the publicity and education work on occupational disease prevention and control.The employers should fulfill their main responsibilities,increase investment in occupational protection facilities and equipment,strengthen occupational health training and management,and effectively protect the health of workers.