山西省火力发电行业劳动者职业健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Study on occupational health literacy status and influencing factors of laborers in thermal power generation industry in Shanxi Province

目的了解山西省火力发电行业劳动者职业健康素养水平,掌握山西省职业健康促进工作开展情况;分析影响因素,明确优先干预领域,为开展有针对性的干预活动和进一步加强职业病防治工作提供参考依据。方法2022—2023年,按照多阶段抽样方法,使用《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测调查个人问卷》(国统制[2022]10号,表号:卫健统117表)对山西省火力发电行业中2家大型企业、3家中型企业、10家小型企业的1131名一线劳动者进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果本次调查中,男性901人,女性230人,平均年龄为(40.65±8.81)岁,职业健康素养得分M(P25,P75)为89.47(80.56,97.22)分,具备基本职业健康素养的人数为872人,职业健康素养总体水平为77.10%,其中职业健康法律知识、职业健康保护基本知识、职业健康保护基本技能知识、健康工作方式和行为4个维度素养水平分别为76.39%、90.10%、46.77%和94.87%。经单因素分析结果显示,不同文化程度、实际平均月收入、户口性质、用人单位性质、用人单位规模、每周工作时间、自评健康状况、职业紧张、抑郁症状的劳动者职业健康素养水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);而不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、工龄、上夜班及焦虑情绪的劳动者职业健康素养水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。影响职业健康素养水平的因素有年龄(相较于18~<30岁,30~<40、≥50岁OR=2.124、2.291)、婚姻状况(相较于未婚,已婚OR=0.537)、文化程度(相较于高中及以下,大专、本科以上OR=0.537、0.440)、实际平均月收入(相较于0~<3000元,≥7000元OR=0.565)、用人单位性质(相较于国有企业,民营企业OR=0.518)、用人单位规模(相较于0~<300人,300~<1000人OR=1.978)、每周工作时间(相较于0~<40 h,≥55 h的劳动者OR=1.829)、抑郁症状(相较于无抑郁,中重度、重度抑郁OR=2.920、3.470)(均P<0.05)。结论山西省火力发电行业劳动者的总体职业健康素养水平较高,年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、实际平均月收入、用人单位规模、每周工作时间、抑郁症状均是其主要的影响因素。未来应更关注低健康素养水平人群,制定应有针对性的和个性化的健康素养教育措施和政策进一步提高职业健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the level of occupational health literacy of laborers in thermal power generation industry in Shanxi Province,master the development of occupational health promotion work in Shanxi Province,analyze the influencing factors,clarify the priority intervention area,and provide scientific basis for carrying out targeted intervention activities and further strengthening the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.Methods From 2022 to 2023,according to the multi stage sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1131 workers from two large enterprises,three medium-sized enterprises and ten small enterprises in the thermal power generation industry in Shanxi Province by using the National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Survey Individual Questionnaire(Guo tong[2022]No.10,table number:Wei jian Tong Form 117).The data were analyzed.Results In this survey,there were 901 males and 230 females,with an age of(40.65±8.81)years old and an occupational health literacy score[M(P25,P75)]of[89.47(80.56,97.22)]points,the number of people with basic occupational health literacy was 872,and the overall level of occupational health literacy was 77.10%,of which the level of literacy in four dimensions:knowledge of occupational health laws,basic knowledge of occupational health protection,basic skills of occupational health protection,and healthy working styles and behaviors were 76.39%,90.10%,46.77%and 94.87%,respectively.The univariate analysis results showed that the differences in the occupational health literacy levels were statistically significant among workers with different literacy level,actual average monthly income,household registration nature,nature of employer,size of employer,weekly working hours,self-assessed health status,occupational stress,and symptoms of depression(all P<0.05),while the differences in the occupational health literacy levels were not statistically significant among workers with different gender,age,marital status,length of working life,working at night,and anxiety(all P>0.05).The factors affecting the level of occupational health literacy were age(compared with 18-<30 years old,30-<40,≥50 years old OR=2.124,2.291),marital status(compared with unmarried,married OR=0.537),education level(compared with high school and below,college,bachelor's degree or above OR=0.537,0.440),actual average monthly income(compared with 0-<3000 yuan,≥7000 yuan OR=0.565),nature of employer(compared with state-owned enterprises,private enterprises OR=0.518),size of employer(compared with 0-<300 persons,300-<1000 persons OR=1.978),weekly working hours(compared with 0-<40 h,workers of≥55 h OR=1.829),and depressive symptoms(compared with no depression,moderately severe and severe depression OR=2.920,3.470)(all P<0.05).Conclusions The overall occupational health literacy level of workers in the thermal power generation industry in Shanxi Province is relatively high,with age,marital status,education level,actual average monthly income,size of employer,weekly working hours,and depressive symptoms being the main influencing factors.In the future,more attention should be paid to people with low health literacy levels,and targeted and personalized health literacy education measures and policies should be developed to further improve occupational health literacy.