近红外光谱技术在食品微生物检测中的研究进展

Advances of near infrared spectroscopy technology in food microbiological detection

细菌、真菌、病毒等微生物是引起食源性疾病的重要因素,因此,快速灵敏地检测食品中的微生物是确保食品安全供应和预防人类食源性感染的有效手段。传统的检测方法如菌落计数、显微镜分析和免疫学方法等繁琐耗时,很难满足要求。近红外光谱是一种分子振动谱,对微生物膜结构的变化非常敏感,因而对每种微生物都有高度特异的吸收特征,且近红外光谱技术具有快速、无损等优点,广泛应用于微生物检测。本文综述了近红外光谱技术原理、常见光谱预处理方法及模型校准方法,并总结该技术在食品中微生物检测应用的主要研究进展及该技术在食品微生物检测中后续需解决的问题,为该技术在食品微生物检测领域得到更广泛的应用提供支持。

The foodborne diseases can be caused by a variety of microbes such as bacteria,fungi and viruses.Therefore,rapid and sensitive detection of microorganisms in food is an effective means for ensuring safe food supply and preventing human foodborne infections.It is difficult for conventional methods,such as colony counting,microscopic analysis and immunological methods,to meet these detection requirements because they are often tedious and time-consuming.The near infrared(NIR)spectrum is a molecular vibration spectrum,which is very sensitive to the change of membrane structure.Thus,the NIR spectrum of each bacterium has a highly specific absorption signature.Moreover,NIR spectroscopy technology has the superiority in fast and nondestructive determination,and has been widely used in microbiological detection.The paper briefly introduces the principle of NIR spectroscopy,pretreatment methods and calibration methods,summarizes the main advances of this technique in the detection of food microorganisms,as well as the follow-up problems that need to be solved in the detection of food microorganisms using this technology,so as to provide support for the wider application of this technology in the field of food microbiology detection.