CRISPR/Cas9技术研究进展及其在园艺植物中的应用进展

Research Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology and Its Application in Horticultural Plants

CRISPR/Cas9是细菌和古细菌的免疫防御系统,1987年首次在大肠杆菌中发现一段特殊的重复间隔序列,后来在20多种细菌和古细菌中发现此重复间隔序列,2002年这段特殊的序列被正式命名为CRISPR,之后人们便展开了一系列利用CRISPR/Cas9技术进行基因编辑的研究。CRISPR/Cas9技术是继锌指核酸酶(zinc finger nucleases,ZFNs)技术、转录激活因子样效应核酸酶(transcription on activator-like effector nucleases,TALENs)技术后第三代基因编辑技术。该系统具有操作设计简单,突变效率高,成本低等优点,陆续应用在柑橘、葡萄、香蕉、草莓、黄瓜和马铃薯等众多园艺植物中。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas9技术的作用原理及其研究进展,论述了各种编辑器的发展历程,包括单碱基编辑器、双碱基编辑器及引导编辑器,介绍了CRISPR/Cas9技术在园艺植物中的应用,提出其存在的问题以及未来展望。

CRISPR/Cas9 is the immune defense system in bacteria and archaea.In 1987,a special repeat interval sequence was firstly discovered in Escherichia coli.Later,this repeat interval sequence was also found in more than 20 bacteria and archaea.In 2002,this special sequence was officially named as CRISPR.Subsequently,a series of studies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing were carried out.CRISPR/Cas9 technology is the third generation gene editing technology,following ZFNs(zinc finger nucleases)technology and TALENs(transfer activator like effector nucleases)technology.This system has the advantages of simple operation design,high mutation efficiency,low cost,and has been successively applied in many horticultural plants such as citrus,grape,banana,strawberry,cucumber,and potato.This article reviews the principles and research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology,discusses the developmental history of various editors,including single base editor,double base editor,and guided editor,introduces the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in horticultural plants,and finally proposes the remaining problems and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.