基于文本计量和知识图谱的武汉市水政策演进研究

Study on water policy evolution of Wuhan City based on text measurement and knowledge graph

构建了基于机器学习、文本计量和知识图谱的水政策演进分析框架,以武汉市2001—2021年出台的252份水政策文件为研究样本,提出了基于Word2Vec模型的关键词词典构建技术及关键词热度计算方法,从政策关键词和政策工具两个维度探究了武汉市水政策演进规律。结果表明:在研究时段内武汉市水政策演进经历了初期探索、综合治理、生态优先3个阶段,形成了较为完善的水政策体系;水政策关注重点由供用水需求逐渐转向生态文明建设;政策工具以命令控制型为主,经济激励型政策工具呈现减少趋势,技术支撑型政策工具和公众参与型政策工具占比有所提升;武汉市水政策发展主要面临系统治理理念相对薄弱、防洪防涝关注不够、政策工具类型结构失衡等问题,未来可以从坚持系统治水、提升防洪防涝能力、完善政策工具结构等方面对水政策制度加以改进。

A framework for analyzing water policy evolution was constructed based on machine learning,text measurement,and knowledge graph.With 252 water policy documents issued in Wuhan City from 2001 to 2021 taken as research samples,a keyword dictionary construction technique based on the Word2Vec model and a keyword hotness calculation method were proposed to explore water policy evolution laws of Wuhan City from two aspects of policy keywords and policy instrument.The results show that water policy evolution in Wuhan City experienced three stages during the study period,including initial exploration,comprehensive management,and ecological priority,and a relatively complete water policy system was initially formed.The focus of water policy gradually shifted from water supply and demand to ecological civilization construction.Policy instruments were dominated by the type of command and control,and the economic incentive policy instruments demonstrated a decreasing trend,while the proportions of the technology-supporting policy instruments and public participation policy instruments increased.Water policy development is currently facing problems such as a relatively weak concept of systemic governance,insufficient attention to flood prevention and control,and an imbalance in types and structures of policy instruments.In the future,the water policy system can be improved from aspects of adhering to systemic water management,enhancing flood control and drainage capacity,and improving the structure of policy instruments.