高比例植物蛋白对青鱼幼鱼生长、消化、肝功能及血清生化指标的影响

Effect of high proportion of plant protein on growth,digestion,liver function and serum biochemical indices of Mylopharyngodon piceus

试验旨在研究高比例植物蛋白饲料对青鱼幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性、肝脏功能及血清生化指标的影响。试验采用豆粕分别替代0、5%、10%、15%、20%的鱼粉蛋白(分别记为FM20组、FM15组、FM10组、FM5组、SBM组)。选取800尾青鱼随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复40尾。试验期56 d。结果表明:SBM组的增重率和特定生长率显著低于FM20组(P<0.05),脏体指数和肝体指数显著低于FM20组、FM15组、FM10组(P<0.05)。SBM组的肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活性最高,FM20组的肠道胰蛋白酶活性最高,不同组织中胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶活性的变化趋势相似,肠道淀粉酶活力高于肝胰腺,而脂肪酶活力低于肝胰腺。SBM组的血清及肝脏谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲料中使用适量的植物蛋白对青鱼幼鱼的生长、消化、肝功能及生化指标无负面影响,建议鱼粉的最低添加量为5%。

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of high proportion plant protein diet on the growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,liver function,and serum biochemical indices of Mylopharyngodon piceus.In the experiment,0,5%,10%,15%,and 20%fish meal protein were replaced by soybean meal(FM20,FM15,FM10,FM5,and SBM groups,respectively).A total of 800 Mylopharyngodon piceus were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates per group and 40 fish per replicate.The test period was 56 days.The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in SBM group were significantly lower than those in FM20 group(P<0.05),and the viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index were significantly lower than those in FM20 group,FM15 group,and FM10 group(P<0.05).Hepatopancreas trypsin activity was the highest in SBM group,and enteric trypsin activity was the highest in FM20 group.The changes of trypsin and pepsin activity in different tissues were similar,and enteric amylase activity was higher than hepatopancreas,while lipase activity was lower than hepatopancreas.The activities of glutamic oxalic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in serum and liver of SBM group were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).The study shows that the use of appropriate plant protein in feed has no negative effects on the growth,digestion,liver function and biochemical indices of Mylopharyngodon piceus,and the minimum amount of fish meal is recommended to be 5%.