过瘤胃氨基酸在反刍动物中的应用进展

Research progress of rumen protected amino acids on application of ruminants production

反刍动物的瘤胃微生物消化具有特殊性,在饲粮中直接添加未经处理的氨基酸,大部分会被瘤胃微生物降解,这不仅会造成氨基酸浪费,还会增加氮排放造成的环境污染,因此需要对氨基酸进行过瘤胃保护。目前过瘤胃保护技术主要包括包被技术、化学技术和生物技术。蛋氨酸和赖氨酸是反刍动物的主要限制性氨基酸,在饲粮中添加过瘤胃赖氨酸(RPL)和过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPM)能够提高反刍动物生长性能,促进饲料养分消化吸收,改善反刍动物产品品质。文章就反刍动物氨基酸营养、过瘤胃氨基酸加工技术以及过瘤胃氨基酸在反刍动物生产中的应用进行综述,以期为反刍动物的氨基酸营养研究提供参考。

Ruminants have a unique digestive process in their rumen,where the direct addition of untreated amino acids in feed is mostly degraded by rumen microorganisms,which not only leads to the waste of amino acids but also increases environmental pollution due to nitrogen emissions.Therefore,it is necessary to protect amino acids from ruminal degradation.The main technologies for ruminal protection currently include encapsulation,chemical,and biological techniques.Methionine and lysine are the main limiting amino acids for ruminants.Adding ruminally protected lysine(RPL)and ruminally protected methionine(RPM)to the feed can improve the growth performance of ruminants,promote the digestion and absorption of feed nutrients,and improve the quality of ruminant products.The article reviews the nutrition of amino acids in ruminants,the processing technology of ruminally protected amino acids,and the production application of ruminally protected amino acids in ruminants,aiming to provide a reference for the research on amino acid nutrition in ruminants.