2022~2023年广东惠州地区511例沙门菌感染性肠炎患儿菌群分布特点及药物敏感性分析

Bacterial distribution characteristics and drug sensitivity analysis of 511 children with Salmonella infectious enteritis in Huizhou area of Guangdong Province from 2022 to 2023

目的探究2022~2023年广东惠州地区511例沙门菌感染性肠炎患儿菌群分布特点及药物敏感性。方法选取2022~2023年广东惠州地区511例沙门菌感染性肠炎患儿标本,对其进行细菌培养与耐药性分析,评估沙门菌群的血清型分布、季节感染率、患儿年龄分布以及耐药性。结果511例沙门菌感染性肠炎患儿中,沙门菌血清型以鼠伤寒沙门菌占比最高(73.58%),其余依次为其他B群沙门菌(8.02%)、无血清型(5.09%)、C2群(3.72%)、C1群(2.94%)、E1群(2.94%)、E1-2群(2.35%)、D群(1.37%);季度感染率从高到低依次为第三季度(39.53%)、第二季度(32.68%)、第四季度(16.05%)、第一季度(11.74%);感染率居前5位的月份依次为6月(13.70%)、8月(13.70%)、5月(13.50%)、7月(12.92%)、9月(12.92%);感染率最低的月份为2月(2.15%),12月(2.74%)、1月(3.52%)、4月(5.48%)感染率也相对较低。511例沙门菌感染性肠炎患儿年龄分布占比从高到低依次为2个月~1岁(50.68%)、1~3岁(41.68%)、3~5岁(5.68%)、≤2个月(1.57%)、>5岁(0.39%)。药敏试验结果显示,511株沙门菌中,敏感率居前3位的药物分别为亚胺培南(98.63%)、头孢他啶(82.00%)、头孢曲松(81.21%),耐药率居前3位的药物分别为氨苄西林(81.80%)、复方新诺明(47.95%)、环丙沙星(22.89%)。结论沙门菌感染性肠炎患儿感染沙门菌血清型多为鼠伤寒沙门菌血清型,多发生于5~9月,少发生于12月到次年2月;另外,本研究检测的511株沙门菌对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、头孢曲松具有较高的敏感性,对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、环丙沙星具有较高的耐药性。

Objective To investigate the bacterial distribution characteristics and drug sensitivity of 511 children with Salmonella infectious enteritis in Huizhou area of Guangdong Province from 2022 to 2023.Methods A total of 511 specimens of children with Salmonella infectious enteritis in Huizhou area of Guangdong Province from 2022 to 2023 were selected for bacterial culture and drug resistance analysis to evaluate the serotype distribution,seasonal infection rate,age distribution and drug resistance of Salmonella flora.Results Among 511 children with Salmonella infectious enteritis,Salmonella typhimurium serotype accounted for the highest proportion(73.58%).The others were other group B Salmonella(8.02%),no serotype(5.09%),C2 group(3.72%),C1 group(2.94%),E1 group(2.94%),E1-2 group(2.35%),D group(1.37%).The quarterly infection rate,from high to low,is in the third quarter(39.53%),the second quarter(32.68%),the fourth quarter(16.05%),and the first quarter(11.74%).The top 5 months with infection rates were June(13.70%),August(13.70%),May(13.50%),July(12.92%),and September(12.92%),respectively.The month with the lowest infection rate was February(2.15%),while December(2.74%),January(3.52%),and April(5.48%)were also relatively low.The age distribution of 511 children with Salmonella infectious enteritis was from high to low:2 months to 1 year old(50.68%),1 to 3 years old(41.68%),3 to 5 years old(5.68%),≤2 months old(1.57%),>5 years old(0.39%).The results of drug susceptibility test showed that among 511 strains of Salmonella,the top 3 drugs were imipenem(98.63%),ceftazidime(82.00%)and ceftriaxone(81.21%).The top 3 drugs in drug resistance rate were ampicillin(81.80%),co-trimoxazole(47.95%)and ciprofloxacin(22.89%).Conclusion The serotypes of Salmonella in children with Salmonella infectious enteritis are mostly Salmonella typhimurium serotypes,which mostly occurred from May to September,and less occurred from December to February of the following year.In addition,511 Salmonella strains detected in this study showed high sensitivity to imipenem,ceftazidime and ceftriaxone,and high resistance to ampicillin,cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin.