127份甘肃农家小麦品种兼抗条锈病与白粉病鉴定与评价

Evaluation of dual resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew in 127 wheat landraces of Gansu province

小麦条锈病、白粉病是发生于甘肃陇南乃至全国小麦生产上的最主要病害之一,种植抗病品种是防治病害最经济有效且绿色环保的措施。兼抗种质资源材料的匮乏是制约甘肃陇南小麦条锈病和白粉病品种选育和病害有效防控的主要因素。农家品种是小麦抗病种质资源重要的基因库,开展兼抗病害材料鉴定是准确评价供试材料抗病性的基础性工作。2021年和2022年,在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州温室和甘谷试验站,对127份小麦农家品种进行了苗期、成株期抗条锈病和白粉病性鉴定,结果发现:供试材料中苗期对条锈菌和白粉菌混合菌表现抗病的分别有36份和24份,占28.35%和18.90%;兼抗材料15份,占11.81%。成株期在接种及自然诱发条锈菌和白粉菌条件下,表现抗病的分别有39份和72份,占30.71%和56.69%;兼抗材料有27份,占21.26%。全生育期兼抗材料有11份,占8.66%。抗白粉病基因分子检测结果发现,含有抗病基因Pm2、Pm4a、Pm8、Pm21的分别占30.71%、86.61%、25.20%、3.15%;含有2个及以上基因组合品种有60个,占47.24%。结合前期抗条锈病研究结果,将会为筛选出的优异材料利用和持续解决甘肃陇南兼抗品种匮乏难题提供材料支撑。

Wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)and Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),are two most destructive diseases on wheat in southern Gansu,China.Planting resistant cultivars is the most economical,environment-friendly and effective method to control stripe rust and powdery mildew on wheat.Dual resistance wheat germplasms to both stripe rust and powdery mildew were absent.Wheat landraces is an important gene bank for disease resistance,especially to stripe rust and powdery mildew.Evaluation of stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance in wheat landraces is a basic work to do,which would be useful in wheat breeding.127 wheat landraces in Gansu province were identified for their resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew at seedling and adult stage by artificial and natural inoculation of the mixed races of Pst and Bgt at seedling and adult stage in 2021 and 2022.The results showed that 36 and 24 wheat landraces were resistance to tested Pst and Bgt races/isolates at seedling stage,accounting for 28.35%and 18.90%,and the dual resistance wheat landraces were 15,accounting for 11.81%.39 and 72 wheat landraces were resistance to Pst and Bgt at adult stage,accounting for 30.71%and 56.69%,and the dual resistance wheat landraces were 27,accounting for 21.26%.11 wheat landraces were resistance to Pst and Bgt at all-stage,accounting for 8.66%.DNA markers linked to powdery mildew resistance genes Pm2,Pm4a,Pm8 and Pm21 were employed to determine the gene present.The results showed that about 30.71%,86.61%,25.20%and 3.15%wheat landraces displayed these resistance genes.60 wheat landraces had two or three combination genes,accounting for 47.24%.These results will provide an useful aid for wheat breeding of disease resistance and sustainable management of wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew in southern Gansu province.