双氯磺草胺在东北地区春大豆田的应用效果

Effect of diclosulam on broadleaf weeds in spring soybean fields in Northeast China

为明确双氯磺草胺土壤封闭与茎叶处理对东北地区春大豆田阔叶杂草的防除效果和对作物的安全性。采用随机区组设计,连续2年开展田间试验。结果表明:25.2~76.5 g/hm^(2)有效成分剂量下84%双氯磺草胺水分散粒剂用于大豆田进行土壤封闭处理,施药后60 d,对东北地区常见阔叶杂草藜、本氏蓼、苍耳、苘麻、水棘针的株防效和鲜重防效都在90.0%以上,对龙葵的株防效和鲜重防效都在87.0%以上。对阔叶杂草的总株防效为93.3%~99.0%,总鲜重防效为94.7%~99.4%。25.2~63.0 g/hm^(2)有效成分剂量下84%双氯磺草胺水分散粒剂茎叶喷雾处理,施药后30 d,对本氏蓼、苍耳、苘麻的株防效和鲜重防效都在93.0%以上,对水棘针的株防效和鲜重防效都高于82.0%,对藜、龙葵的株防效为59.8%~85.5%,鲜重防效为62.5%~90.9%。对阔叶杂草总的株防效为80.1%~93.2%,总的鲜重防效为82.2%~95.9%,施药后初期,大豆叶片有受害症状,后期新生叶片正常。双氯磺草胺土壤封闭和茎叶喷雾施药方式都能有效控制东北地区春大豆田的阔叶杂草,但依据大豆产量分析,84%双氯磺草胺水分散粒剂有效剂量25.2~76.5 g/hm^(2)4个土壤封闭处理区大豆产量与人工除草相比差异不显著。本试验为大豆田苗后除草剂选择提供了新思路,茎叶喷雾施药方式适宜的剂量为84%双氯磺草胺水分散粒剂31.5~37.8 g/hm^(2);土壤封闭施药方式具有更好的除草效果,适宜的施药剂量为84%双氯磺草胺水分散粒剂25.2~50.4 g/hm^(2)。

This study aimed to clarify the weeds control effect and crop safety of soil and foliar application of diclosulam on broadleaf weeds in spring soybean fields in Northeast China.Field experiments were carried out by random group test design in 2020 and 2021.The results indicated that soil application with diclosulam 84%WG at effective dosage of 25.2-76.5 g/hm^(2)achieved plant and fresh weight control efficacies of over 90.0%for broadleaf weeds such as Chenopodium album,Persicaria bungeana,Xanthium sibiricum,Abutilon theophrasti,and Amethystea caerulea 60 days after application.The plant and fresh weight control efficacies on Solanum nigrum were both above 87.0%.The total plant control efficacy ranged from 93.3%to 99.0%,and the total fresh weight control efficacy ranged from 94.7%to 99.4%.Foliar application with diclosulam 84%WG at effective dosage of 25.2-63.0 g/hm^(2)achieved plant and fresh weight control efficacies of over 93.0%for P.bungeana,X.sibiricum and A.theophrasti,and over 82.0%for A.caerulea 30 days after application.The plant control efficacy for C.album and S.nigrum ranged from 59.8%to 85.5%,and the fresh weight control efficacy ranged from 62.5%to 90.9%.The total plant control efficacy ranged from 80.1%to 93.2%,and the total fresh weight control efficacy ranged from 82.2%to 95.9%.Initially,soybean leaves were damaged by the application,and afterward,new leaves grew normally.Both soil and foliar application can effectively control broadleaf weeds in spring soybean fields in Northeast China.According to the analysis of soybean yield,there was no significant difference between the four soil applications with effective dosage of 25.2-76.5 g/hm^(2)of diclosulam 84%WG and manual weeding.The results provided new ideas for the selection of post seedling pesticides in soybean fields.The appropriate application dosage of foliar application is 31.5-37.8 g/hm^(2)of diclosulam 84%WG.The soil application has better weed control effect than the foliar application,and the appropriate application dosage is 25.2-50.4 g/hm^(2)of diclosulam 84%WG.