“西方马克思主义者”与“匈牙利知识分子”:卢卡奇身份问题之考察

“Western Marxists”or“Hungarian Intellectuals”:An Examination of Lukács’Identity Issue

卢卡奇是20世纪西方最为重要的思想家之一,他的作品在20世纪30年代就被翻译成了中文,对国内现实主义文论发展起到了一定作用。但受限于苏联学界的影响,学界一直未能深入了解、发掘卢卡奇理论及其价值。改革开放后,国内对卢卡奇的研究热度逐渐上升并主要关注其哲学问题。人们往往更多地关注卢卡奇作为“西方马克思主义者”的身份,而忽视了其匈牙利知识分子的身份。将卢卡奇的经历与思想,重新置于西方马克思主义形成与匈牙利社会思想史中,方能正确认识卢卡奇的身份问题。

Lukács was one of the most important Western thinkers of the 20th century,and his works were translated into Chinese in the 1930s,playing a certain role in the development of Chinese realism literary theory.However,due to the influence of the Soviet academic community,Lukács’s theory and its value have not been deeply understood or explored.After the reform and opening up,the research on Lukács in China gradually increased and mainly focused on its philosophical issues.But often Lukács’identity as a“Western Marxist”is given more attention and his identity as a Hungarian intellectual is overlooked.Only by reinterpreting Lukács’experiences and thoughts into the formation of Western Marxism and the history of Hungarian social thought can we have a correct understanding of Lukács’identity.