《阙子》佚文考辨及人物寓言考论

A Study on the Textual Research of Lost Documents and Character Fables of Que Zi

先秦纵横家子书《阙子》已佚,清代辑佚学家马国翰、顾观光均有辑本。对现存佚文考辨后可知,由于失注出处且多从文多者补正,多条佚文存在择取欠精的疏陋,此外还可补辑出新佚文。《阙子》现存佚文均为人物寓言,题材丰富且颇具艺术价值。其寓言不乏对《庄子》的继承,如多以钓说理、多贬低宋人并持有相似的言辞观。阙子融合了以庄子为代表的“空语型”和以孟子、韩非子为代表的“事实型”两种战国寓言题材,还曾与庄子、荀子取用同一寓言素材,其所处时代大致为战国后期。《阙子》寓言流传甚广,被后世频繁征引,足见其寓言之精妙,其流传方式主要有三种:引用事典佐证、化用事典说理、对事典进行改编。

The work of Political Strategists Que Zi in pre-Qin Dynasty has been lost.Ma Guohan and Gu Guanguang have compiled lost documents of Que Zi in Qing Dynasty.After textual research of existing lost documents,we can see that many documents are poor in selection because the notes of sources are lacking and scholars always correct text from long text.Moreover,the lost documents of Que Zi can also be added.All of existing lost documents of Que Zi are character fables,which are rich in themes and have great artistic value.Most fables inherit from Zhuang Zi,such as using fishing to argue,belittling people of Song and holding similar rhetoric views.Que Zi combined the“non-factual type”represented by Zhuang Zi and the“fact-based type”represented by Mencius and Han Feizi.He also drew the same stories as Zhuang Zi and Xun Zi,which proves that his era might be in the late Warring States period.The fables of Que Zi spread widely and were frequently cited by later generations,which shows its fables are exquisite.There are three main spreading ways:quoting the fables of Que Zi to prove,using the fables of Que Zi to argue and adapting the fables of Que Zi.