拟古诗似今体:论南朝时期的节选式模拟

Imitation of Ancient Poetry in Popular Style:Selective Imitation of the Southern Dynasty

从刘宋中后期开始,文士在对往世名篇进行模拟的时候,有时并不会像汉晋的写作者那样对全篇进行模仿,而是会对原作的一部分进行模拟。这种写作方式,就是节选式模拟。这些经过节选式模拟而产生的作品,一方面在篇幅上较原作有所缩短:另一方面其风格也和古朴温厚的原作不同,更接近于南朝新体的精致新巧。节选式模拟的本质并非承袭汉魏旧作,而是根据新体诗的审美对汉魏旧作进行改造。其改造主要体现在两个方面:简化层次与突出秀句。此类改写原作之作品的产生,体现出拟古写作传统在晋宋齐梁之间发生了断裂。

Since the middle and later Liu Song Dynasty,literatus sometimes simulated part of the original works rather than the whole works as the writers of Han and Jin Dynasties did when simulating ancient masterpieces.This writing technique is called selective imitation.The works produced through selective imitation are,on the one hand,shorter in length compared to the original works,and on the other hand,different in styles from the ancient and simple original works,closer to the fluent and novel newstyle poetry in the Southern Dynasty.The essence of selective imitation lies not in inheriting the old works of the Han and Wei Dynasties,but in transforming them based on the aesthetic of the new-style poetry.The transformation mainly manifests in two aspects:simplifying the structure and highlighting the witticism.The emergence of these rewritten works reflects the rupture of the tradition of ancient writings imitation among the Jin,Song,Qi,and Liang Dynasties.