五四时期的女校教育与女性创作

On the Development and Female Ideological Enlightenment of the May 4th Women’s School

产生于晚清、发展于五四时期的女校,在女性解放的过程中,扮演了知识启蒙和精神启蒙的重要角色。近代特殊的国情、西方教会女校的催化作用,以及“五四”的启蒙背景,使得女校突破传统社会的桎梏而得到迅速发展。与家庭及社会所带来的影响不同,女校通过课程教学、文化活动等对女性群体进行集中、科学、系统、深刻的文化濡染。其中,文学作为一种独特的形式,既是启蒙和教育的载体,又成为女学生表达自我思想的输出端口。在女校这个独特的空间场域中,诞生了近现代中国最早的一批女作家,她们一步步浮出历史地表,从边缘处走向历史舞台的中央,从而也改写了文学史和社会史的叙事样貌。尽管女校在很多方面难免存在各种局限,但这不妨碍它成为推动女性解放、激发女性创作的有力支撑。

The women’s school,which originated in the late Qing Dynasty and developed during the May 4th Movement,played an important role in the process of women’s liberation in terms of intellectual enlightenment and spiritual enlightenment.The special national conditions in modern times,the catalytic role of western missionary women’s schools,and the enlightenment background of the May 4th Movement made women’s schools break through the shackles of traditional society and develop rapidly.Different from the impact of family and society,women’s schools have concentrated,scientific,systematic and profound cultural influence on women’s groups through curriculum teaching and cultural activities.Among them,literature emerged as a distinctive form,serving as a medium for enlightenment and education,and becoming an outlet for female students to express their thoughts.In this unique space,some of the earliest female writers in modern China were born,gradually emerging from the margins to the center stage of history,thereby rewriting the narrative of literary history and social history.Despite the various limitations of women’s schools,they had nevertheless served as a strong support for promoting women’s liberation and inspiring female creativity.