库布齐沙漠生态敏感性GIS分析与评价

Ecological sensitivity analysis and assessment of Kubuqi desert based on GIS

生态敏感性评价是开展区域生态环境保护与建设工作的重要手段和环节。本文以库布齐沙漠为研究区,选取高程、坡度、坡向、水域缓冲区、植被覆盖度、土地利用类型6个评价因子,构建库布齐沙漠生态敏感性评价体系。运用层次分析法,结合GIS技术对库布齐沙漠生态敏感性展开分析与评价,并划分5个敏感性等级。结果表明,库布齐沙漠整体生态敏感性较低,以轻度敏感为主;植被覆盖度对其影响程度最大,其次为土地利用类型;不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感和极度敏感分别占库布齐沙漠地区面积的27.37%、46.66%、22.00%、2.20%和1.77%;敏感性高的地区主要分布在库布齐沙漠北端,以湖泊、河流及植被保护区居多。研究结果可为库布齐沙漠开展区域生态环境建设和保护工作提供一定的科学建议。

Ecological sensitivity assessment is an important means and link of regional ecological environment protection and construction work.Taking Kubuqi desert as the research site,six evaluation factors including elevation,slope,slope direction,water buffer,vegetation coverage and land use type are selected to construct the ecological sensitivity assessment system of Kubuqi desert in the paper.The ecological sensitivity of Kubuqi desert is analyzed and evaluated by using analytic hierarchy process and GIS technology,and five sensitivity levels are divided.The results show that the overall ecological sensitivity of Kubuqi desert is low,mainly mildly sensitive.Vegetation coverage affects the most,followed by land use type.Insensitive,mildly sensitive,moderately sensitive,highly sensitive and extremely sensitive are 27.37%,46.66%,22.00%,2.20%and 1.77%of the Kubuqi desert area,respectively.The areas with high sensitivity are mainly distributed in the northern end of Kubuqi desert,mainly lakes,rivers and vegetation reserves.The research results could provide some scientific suggestions for the regional ecological environment construction and protection work in the Kubuqi desert.