反乌托邦文学书写中的后人类本质钩沉

An In-depth Exploration of the Posthuman Nature in Dystopian Literature

随着第四次工业革命的展开,反乌托邦文学将探索目光更多地投向了因科技与工业发展而产生改变的人类社会形态以及人类内心。通过对20世纪末至21世纪初反乌托邦文学书写中后人类存在的考察,从本体论、认识论、方法论层面由表及里地探讨了未来世界关于后人类本质的哲学命题。在本体论上提出,无论存在形式如何,后人类只要有独立自由的意志都属于人类范畴的存在;从认识的发展规律看,人类阶层存在、工具理性的无序膨胀必然导致极权统治的危机;在方法论上提出,后人类的出现只是人类在不同的路径探索未来的产物,是反乌托邦文学书写中想象层面的探索和对救赎的希望。

With the development of the fourth Information Revolution,dystopian literature has increasingly focused on the impact of science,technology,and industry on people's social formations and the human mind.Based on the investigation of the portrayal of posthumans in dystopian literature from the late 20th century to the early 21st century,this paper explores the philosophical propositions about the nature of posthuman in the future world from the aspects of ontology,epistemology and methodology.Ontologically,posthumans belong to the category of human beings as long as they have independent free will regardless of the form of existence.From the perspective of epistemology,the disordered expansion of human stratum existence and instrumental rationality will inevitably lead to the crisis of totalitarian rule.In terms of methodology,the emergence of posthumans is merely a product of human exploration of the future through different paths,including the exploration of the future in imagination in dystopian literature and the hope for redemption.