终结性句法编码的语言共性、差异及其理论解释

The Syntactic Encoding of Telicity:Universality,Variation and Theoretical Accounts

跨语言来看,终结性的编码存在两种主要句法机制:一是通过宾语的量化性决定事件的量化性,二是用显性的结果短语编码事件终结性。此外,语言中还存在编码终结性的形态手段。汉语编码终结性的特征体现在:完结类动词的量化性宾语不一定带来终结性;结果成分可以编码终结性但不影响光杆名词宾语的量化性;完结义小品词可以对终结性进行形态上的编码。本研究总结了终结性跨语言编码的共性和差异,并回顾了新构式主义视角下终结性编码的两个句法框架:外骨架模式和第一语段理论,探究了这两个理论框架对于汉语终结性现象的解释力。

Cross linguistically,there are two syntactic mechanisms to determine telicity.The first one encodes telicity with the quantization of the object argument and the second one achieves telicity through an overt resultative phrase.In addition,languages also mark telicity morphologically.Telicity encoding in Chinese obtains the following three morphosyntactic properties:a quantized object of an accomplishment verb shows aspectual variability;a resultative element can encode telicity but it doesn't bring quantization to the object argument.Completive particles encode telicity morphologically.This article generalizes the cross linguistic universality and variation in telicity encoding and reviews two syntactic frameworks for telicity under the neo-constructivism approach:The Exo Skeleton Model and the First Phase Syntax,in the hope of exploring their explanatory power to account for the telicity issues in Chinese.