交际术语学视域下法律术语翻译多维评价初探——兼评《民法典》术语英译问题

Multi-dimensional Evaluation of Legal Term Translation from the Perspective of the Communicative Theory of Terminology:On the Translation of Terms in Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

随着中国法治的发展,法律翻译的方向从输入为主转变为输入和输出并重,法律翻译的功能也由借鉴移植转变为传播和交流并重。当今,法律外译作为国际法治交往的重要媒介,影响着中国法治的国际传播效果和中国法治话语权的提高。本研究首先回顾我国法律术语翻译的准确性单一评价标准,揭示传统法律术语翻译标准反映的非交际性翻译问题。基于我国法律外译的法治交际现实需求,借鉴交际术语学的多维术语考察视角,阐释国际传播时代法律术语外译的跨语系、跨法系和跨文化的多维交际功能。从语符表征、概念构建和传播交际三个维度对《民法典》术语的英译进行多维评价,构建出适应国际传播时代需求的法律术语外译质量评价体系。

With the development of the rule of law in China,the direction of legal translation has shifted from input oriented to both input and output oriented,and the function of legal translation has also changed from transplantation to communication.Nowadays,legal term translation,as an important medium of international legal exchanges,affects the international communication of China's rule of law and the improvement of China's discourse power in international rule of law.This study first reviews the single evaluation criteria of accuracy for legal term translation,and reveals its non-communicative nature.Based on the practical needs of legal communication in China,and employing the multi-dimensional perspective of the Communicative Theory of Terminology for reference,this paper explains the crosslingual,cross legal system and cross-cultural functions of legal term translation.In addition,this paper makes a multi-dimensional evaluation of the English translation of the terms in Civil Code of the People's Republic of Chinafrom the three dimensions of symbol representation,concept construction and communication,aiming to construct a quality evaluation system for the translation of legal terms that fits the international communication era.