污名化的语言表征及其社会认知阐释

Linguistic Representation and the Interpretation of Stigmatization:A Sociocognitive Perspective

污名化借助语言利器贬损受污对象以丑化其形象,尤见于国际政治场域和重大国际事件的后果中。破解污名化现象有必要对污名话语进行深层解构。本研究从社会认知语言学视角探讨国际格局深刻变化背景下美英两国智库和媒体对俄污名化现象的语言表征及其形成机制。研究表明,污名化可由用以炮制负面形象概念的新创词汇和贬义词汇来表征。这两类语言表征均与现实表征不相符,并受到心理表征制约,如社会认知因素中的刻板印象、社会图式、隐喻理解等,其语用目的为实现认知者(如话语主体及其所代表的集团)在政治、经济、文化等领域的切身利益。污名话语不仅是一种语言现象,更是一种意识操纵,体现了深刻的社会认知关系。

Stigmatization aims to spoil image of the target via verbal discourse as weapons,invented especially in the field of international politics and in the consequence of major international events.In order to deal with the stigmatization,it is necessary to deconstruct stigma discourse.From the sociocognitive perspective,this paper explores the linguistic representation of stigmatization towards Russia from the American and British think tank and media and its formation mechanism against the new changes in the international structure.It is shown that stigmatization could be represented by neologisms and derogatory words used to concoct negative image concepts which are inconsistent with factual representation and restricted by psychological representation as well,such as stereotype,social schema,metaphors and other social cognitive factors.Their pragmatic purpose is to realize the political,economic and cultural interests of the discourse subjects and their group.Stigma discourse is not only a linguistic phenomenon,but also a kind of ideological manipulation,reflecting the profound social cognitive relationship.